Table 1.
Age- and sex-related differences in trunk muscle density with adjustment for height and weight according to spinal region
| Women | Men | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Mean±SD (40–49 years) | Difference per 10 yrs of age | Age corr | Mean±SD (40–49 years) | Difference per 10 yrs of age | Age corr | |||
| % | Absolute | % | Absolute | |||||
| Pectoralis major | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 26.5 (8.9)§ | −16 (−21, −11)§ | −4.2 (−5.6, −2.8)† | −0.40† | 44.2 (7.5) | −10 (−13, −8) | −4.6 (−5.8, −3.5)† | −0.59† |
| Mid TH | 20.4 (12.0)§ | −24 (−31, −17)§ | −4.9 (−6.4, −3.4)† | −0.50† | 37.4 (7.8) | −13 (−17, −10) | −5.0 (−6.2, −3.8)† | −0.56† |
| Rectus abdominis | ||||||||
| TH LB | 29.3 (13.1)§ | −25 (−30, −20)§ | −7.3 (−8.7, −5.8)† | −0.65† | 37.2 (7.5) | −15 (−18, −12) | −5.6 (−6.6, −4.6)† | −0.70† |
| Lower LB | 25.2 (13.6)§ | −32 (−38, −26)§ | −8.0 (−9.5, −6.5)† | −0.70† | 37.7 (9.6) | −16 (−20, −12) | −6.0 (−7.4, −4.5)† | −0.61† |
| Serratus anterior | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 22.1 (8.3)§ | −27 (−33, −21)§ | −5.9 (−7.2, −4.6)† | −0.57† | 37.0 (8.9) | −12 (−16, −9) | −4.6 (−5.8, −3.4)† | −0.54† |
| Mid TH | 30.0 (6.7)§ | −17 (−20, −13)§ | −5.0 (−6.0, −4.0)† | −0.60† | 39.6 (6.7) | −10 (−13, −8) | −4.1 (−5.0, −3.2)† | −0.62† |
| Latissimus dorsi | ||||||||
| Mid TH | 25.9 (9.3)§ | −19 (−24, −14) | −5.0 (−6.3, −3.7)† | −0.54† | 36.0 (8.4) | −13 (−17, −10) | −4.8 (−6.0, −3.5)† | −0.60† |
| TH LB | 17.0 (12.2)§ | −34 (−42, −25)§ | −5.7 (−7.1, −4.2)† | −0.57† | 30.3 (8.6) | −17 (−21, −14) | −5.3 (−6.4, −4.1)† | −0.62† |
| Trapezius | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 42.6 (5.0)§ | −6 (−8, −4) | −2.7 (−3.6, −1.7)† | −0.43† | 50.7 (5.4) | −5 (−7, −3) | −2.5 (−3.3, −1.7)† | −0.48† |
| Mid TH | 40.6 (6.06)§ | −9 (−11, −6) | −3.5 (−4.4, −2.5)† | −0.52† | 48.7 (6.5) | −9 (−11, −7) | −4.3 (−5.3, −3.2)† | −0.59† |
| External oblique | ||||||||
| TH LB | 29.5 (9.8) | −17 (−22, −13)§ | −5.1 (−6.4, −3.7)† | −0.52† | 36.1 (7.2) | −10 (−13, −7) | −3.7 (−4.6, −2.7)† | −0.58† |
| Lower LB | 36.5 (9.2) | −16 (−19, −12)§ | −5.8 (−7.1, −4.5)† | −0.60† | 42.0 (8.8) | −10 (−13, −7) | −4.2 (−5.4, −3.0)† | −0.53† |
| Erector spinae | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 41.7 (9.0) | −14 (−17, −10) | −5.7 (−7.1, −4.2)† | −0.52† | 47.5 (9.5) | −13 (−16, −10) | −6.2 (−7.6, −4.8)† | −0.61† |
| Mid TH | 44.1 (7.8)§ | −12 (−15, −10) | −5.5 (−6.7, −4.3)† | −0.58† | 51.3 (7.6) | −13 (−15, −10) | −6.6 (−7.8, −5.3)† | −0.68† |
| TH LB | 46.4 (8.0) | −10 (−13, −7) | −4.7 (−6.0, −3.4)† | −0.55† | 51.9 (5.1) | −8 (−10, −6) | −4.3 (−5.3, −3.3)† | −0.62† |
| Lower LB | 42.5 (11.7)§ | −17 (−20, −13)§ | −7.1 (−8.6, −5.6)† | −0.65† | 52.5 (8.8) | −12 (−14, −9) | −6.2 (−7.6, −4.8)† | −0.62† |
| Transversospinalis | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 37.3 (11.1) | −14 (−18, −10) | −5.4 (−6.8, −3.9)† | −0.56† | 44.3 (12.3) | −15 (−19, −12) | −6.7 (−8.2, −5.2)† | −0.61† |
| Mid TH | 44.2 (11.2)§ | −17 (−20, −13) | −7.3 (−8.7, −5.9)† | −0.66† | 50.1 (9.4) | −15 (−18, −12) | −7.4 (−8.9, −5.9)† | −0.66† |
| TH LB | 51.1 (10.7) | −13 (−16, −10) | −6.6 (−8.0, −5.2)† | −0.67† | 57.3 (7.9) | −11 (−13, −9) | −6.4 (−7.6, −5.2)† | −0.69† |
| Lower LB | 48.4 (12.2)§ | −18 (−21, −15)§ | −8.6 (−10.1, −7.2)† | −0.75† | 61.7 (9.5) | −12 (−14, −9) | −7.1 (−8.5, −5.6)† | −0.66† |
| Psoas major | ||||||||
| TH LB | 50.6 (7.0) | −9 (−11, −7)§ | −4.8 (−5.8, −3.7)† | −0.66† | 51.8 (6.5) | −6 (−8, −4) | −3.3 (−4.3, −2.3)† | −0.51† |
| Lower LB | 54.6 (6.0) | −6 (−7, −4) | −3.2 (−3.9, −2.4)† | −0.65† | 56.6 (6.0) | −4 (−6, −3) | −2.3 (−3.2, −1.5)† | −0.44† |
| Quadratus lumborum | ||||||||
| TH LB | 43.9 (8.1) | −13 (−15, −10) | −5.6 (−6.8, −4.4)† | −0.67† | 46.6 (6.5) | −10 (−13, −8) | −4.8 (−6.0, −3.7)† | −0.62† |
| Lower LB | 39.4 (9.8) § | −13 (−16, −10) | −5.2 (−6.4, -4.1)† | −0.63† | 48.7 (9.2) | −12 (−14, −9) | −5.7 (−6.8, −4.5)† | −0.68† |
*
P < 0.05
†
P < 0.001
§
Sex difference
Age corr: pearson correlation coefficient between muscle density and age