Table 2.
Age- and sex-related differences in trunk muscle cross-sectional area with adjustment for height and weight according to spinal region
| Women | Men | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Mean±SD (40–49 years) | Difference per 10 yrs of age | Age corr | Mean±SD (40–49 years) | Difference per 10 yrs of age | Age corr | |||
| % | Absolute | % | Absolute | |||||
| Pectoralis major | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 749 (213)§ | −11 (−14, −8) | −81 (−103, −59)†§ | −0.60† | 1524 (457) | −12 (−14, −9) | −176 (−212, −140)† | −0.66† |
| Mid TH | 430 (153)§ | −7 (−11, −3) | −29 (−47, −11)*§ | −0.37† | 767 (330) | −8 (−11, −4) | −60 (−88, −32)† | −0.36† |
| Rectus abdominis | ||||||||
| TH LB | 566 (101)§ | −11 (−14, −10) | −65 (−78, −54)† | −0.72† | 847 (162) | −9 (−11, −7) | −78 (−94, −63)† | −0.68† |
| Lower LB | 557 (104)§ | −11 (−13, −9)§ | −63 (−75, −50)† | −0.68† | 856 (124) | −7 (−9, −5) | −62 (−80, −45)† | −0.55† |
| Serratus anterior | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 532 (191)§ | −8 (−14, −3) | −44 (−73, −14)* | −0.18* | 1131 (394) | −7 (−11, −4) | −84 (−126, −43)† | −0.31† |
| Mid TH | 888 (142)§ | −5 (−7, −3) | −43 (−62, −25)†§ | −0.33† | 1491 (189) | −6 (−7, −4) | −83 (−105, −60)† | −0.50† |
| Latissimus dorsi | ||||||||
| Mid TH | 832 (122)§ | −7 (−9, −5) | −56 (−74, −38)†§ | −0.44† | 1439 (283) | −7 (−9, −5) | −102 (−130, −73)† | −0.53† |
| TH LB | 470 (67)§ | −9 (−10, −5) | −36 (−47, −25)†§ | −0.48† | 816 (138) | −7 (−9, −5) | −55 (−71, −39)† | −0.50† |
| Trapezius | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 534 (84)§ | −6 (−8, −4) | −32 (−45, −20)†§ | −0.43† | 807 (125) | −6 (−8, −4) | −49 (−63, −34)† | −0.50† |
| Mid TH | 228 (67)§ | −2 (−7, 2) | −5 (−16, 5)§ | −0.08 | 372 (153) | −7 (−11, −3) | −25 (−40, −11)* | −0.29† |
| External oblique | ||||||||
| TH LB | 499 (70)§ | −3 (−6, −1) | −16 (−29, −3)* | −0.14 | 812 (157) | −3 (−5, −1) | −22 (−39, −6)* | −0.20* |
| Lower LB | 768 (119)§ | −4 (−7, −2) | −34 (−51, −17)† | −0.38† | 1239 (214) | −3 (−5, −1) | −37 (−63, −10)* | −0.29* |
| Erector spinae | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 364 (89)§ | −8 (−10, −5) | −29 (−38, −20)† | −0.53† | 538 (113) | −8 (−10 −6) | −42 (−53, −30)† | −0.55† |
| Mid TH | 507 (101)§ | −4 (−7, −2) | −21 (−33, −8)*§ | −0.31† | 769 (148) | −7 (−9, −5) | −51 (−68, −35)† | −0.46† |
| TH LB | 1239 (191)§ | −3 (−5, −1) | −40 (−64, −16)*§ | −0.28* | 1903 (291) | −5 (−7, −4) | −100 (−133, −67)† | −0.44† |
| Lower LB | 1395 (221)§ | −8 (−10, −6) | −109 (−138, −79)†§ | −0.59† | 2022 (264) | −8 (−10, −6) | −162 (−196, −128)† | −0.63† |
| Transversospinalis | ||||||||
| Upper TH | 265 (45)§ | −7 (−9, −5) | −18 (−24, −12)† | −0.50† | 349 (64) | −7 (−9, −5) | −25 (−31, −18)† | −0.58† |
| Mid TH | 246 (39)§ | −7 (−9, −4) | −16 (−22, −10)† | −0.49† | 332 (42) | −6 (−8, −4) | −19 (−26, −12)† | −0.44† |
| TH LB | 249 (38)§ | −4 (−6, −2) | −11 (−16, −5)†§ | −0.40† | 355 (58) | −6 (−8, −4) | −20 (−28, −13)† | −0.46† |
| Lower LB | 512 (128)§ | −4 (−8, −2) | −23 (−39, −8)* | −0.32† | 705 (163) | −4 (−6, −2) | −28 (−45, −11)* | −0.31† |
| Psoas major | ||||||||
| TH LB | 325 (88)§ | −5 (−8, −2) | −17 (−27, −7)†§ | −0.31† | 592 (190) | −8 (−10, −5) | −45 (−62, −28)† | −0.44† |
| Lower LB | 872 (148)§ | −5 (−7, −3) | −43 (−64, −22)†§ | −0.39† | 1516 (283) | −6 (−8, −4) | −97 (−126, −68)† | −0.51† |
| Quadratus lumborum | ||||||||
| TH LB | 227 (56)§ | −5 (−8, −2) | −11 (−18, −4)†§ | −0.29* | 404 (107) | −8 (−11, −6) | −33 (−43, −23)† | −0.51† |
| Lower LB | 439 (85)§ | −8 (−11, −5) | −35 (−47, −23)†§ | −0.50† | 795 (133) | −9 (−11, −7) | −70 (−84, −55)† | −0.64† |
*
P < 0.05
†
P <= 0.001
§
Sex difference
Age corr: pearson correlation coefficient between muscle CSA and age