Table 1.

What is unknown?

Potential for interaction between environmental factors and EoE

Epigenetic modifications and the environment in relation to EoE

Factors that may contribute to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, such as diet, in relation to EoE

Examination between early life factors and EoE and whether associations are mediated by dysbiosis

Temporal association between esophageal microbiome in association with EoE

Association between acid suppressant use in early life and EoE

Improved understanding of how geographical factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis