Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes with improved HbA1c at one-year follow-up (group A) and consistently poor glycemic control at one-year follow-up (group B).

Parameter	Baseline		One-year follow-up		P value
	Group A0 (n = 16)	Group B0 (n = 16)	Group A1 (n = 16)	Group B1 (n = 16)	A0 versus B0∗	A1 versus A0†	B1 versus B0‡
Age, y	56.1 ± 17.5	59.4 ± 11.	57.3 ± 17.4	60.8 ± 11.1	0.521	≤0.001	≤0.001
Sex (M/F)	9/7	9/7			—	—	—
Duration of diabetes, y	11.3 ± 11.1	10.4 ± 7.5	12.6 ± 10.9	11.5 ± 7.3	0.780	≤0.001	≤0.001
Weight, kg	72.0 ± 19.0	69.8 ± 15.7	70.3 ± 16.2	68.9 ± 14.1	0.233	0.201	0.940
BMI, kg/m2	27.36 ± 5.49	24.12 ± 7.69	26.73 ± 4.50	24.10 ± 3.25	0.063	0.207	0.909
SBP, mmHg	135.6 ± 15.4	137.4 ± 17.2	134.9 ± 13.5	134.8 ± 15.4	0.307	0.867	0.059
DBP, mmHg	82.7 ± 9.3	82.5 ± 8.6	81.4 ± 11.3	82.2 ± 10.8	0.846	0.552	0.486
TC, mmol/L	4.46 ± 1.23	4.51 ± 1.07	4.44 ± 1.15	4.54 ± 1.11	0.896	0.954	0.208
TG, mmol/L	1.83 ± 1.93	1.92 ± 1.71	1.31 ± 1.16	1.74 ± 1.47	0.671	0.190	0.367
LDLC, mmol/L	2.55 ± 0.78	2.70 ± 0.73	2.45 ± 0.80	2.54 ± 0.80	0.424	0.739	0.677
HDLC, mmol/L	1.26 ± 0.34	1.21 ± 0.31	1.39 ± 0.33	1.29 ± 0.30	0.996	0.073	0.491
HbA1c, %	7.78 ± 1.62	8.55 ± 1.57	6.52 ± 0.59	8.79 ± 1.05	0.268	0.005	0.527
TCSS	4.4 ± 4.4	6.1 ± 4.5	4.5 ± 4.8	6.3 ± 4.7	0.293	0.544	0.468
PMNCV, m/s	44.47 ± 4.10	44.62 ± 4.15	44.46 ± 4.33	43.39 ± 3.84	0.895	0.984	0.124
TMNCV, m/s	44.15 ± 4.86	44.12 ± 4.35	43.56 ± 4.86	42.54 ± 4.66	0.793	0.269	0.951
SPSNCV, m/s	50.42 ± 6.81	48.66 ± 7.48	50.14 ± 7.19	46.64 ± 7.21	0.261	0.287	0.056
SSNCV, m/s	48.87 ± 7.89	47.93 ± 7.20	47.28 ± 6.05	44.67 ± 6.43	0.982	0.293	0.024
CNFD, n/mm2	18.55 ± 5.25	17.19 ± 5.31	21.78 ± 6.13	15.67 ± 4.16	0.070	0.005	0.001
CNBD, n/mm2	21.76 ± 16.10	19.33 ± 12.82	26.19 ± 13.87	14.23 ± 6.56	0.349	0.122	0.033
CNFL, mm/mm2	11.62 ± 2.89	11.16 ± 2.57	13.04 ± 2.44	9.90 ± 1.75	0.137	0.029	0.011

Results are expressed as mean ± SD or counts for categorical variables. ^∗Independent-sample t-test. ^†Paired-sample t-test. ^‡χ² test.