Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Res. 2016 Dec 8;38:13–26. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.004

Table 3.

The effect of surgery-induced weight loss on vitamin D status

Authors (year) Study population Surgery type/Intervention Study design Measurements Average 25(OH)D change
Weight 25(OH)D PTH
RCT
Aasheim et al (2009) [81] n=60
obese women (n=42) or men (n=18) (20–50y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=31)

  • Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (n=29)

    12 months follow-up

 RCT ✓ ✓ ✓ 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations increased among gastric bypass patients (p< 0.001), but tended to decrease among duodenal switch patients (p=0.059)
Intervention study
Raoof et al (2016) [83] n= 32
obese women

  • Roux-en-Y gastric Bypass

    5 year follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ vitD deficiency (<50nmol/L):
Baseline: 47.7 ± 15.8
5-year follow-up: 47.1 ± 24.6
Costa et al (2015) [80] n=83
obese women (n=67) or men (n=16) (≥25y)

  • bariatric surgery, Wittgrove technique (n=56)

  • nonsurgical control (n=27)

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ vitD deficiency (<20 ng/mL):
surgery: 60.4%
non-surgery: 16.6%
Luger et al (2015) [70] n=50
obese women (n=38) or men (n=12) (mean age 46y)

  • Omega-loop gastric bypass

    12 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 fold higher risk for vitD deficiency over 12 months
OR=3.10, 95% CI (1.01–9.51) p=0.048
Yu et al (2015) [69] n=50
obese women (n=28) or men (n=22) (average age 47y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=30)

  • nonsurgical control (n=20)

    24 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ no significant difference between both groups.
intervention: 29 ± 10ng/ml
control: 22 ± 10 ng/ml
Carrasco et al (2014) [71] n=40
obese women (19–50y)

  • Gastric bypass (n=23)

  • Sleeve gastrectomy (n=20)

    12 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ Gastric bypass: 20.5 ± 9.2 to 33.8 ± 9.7 ng/ml
Sleeve gastrectomy: 26.2 ± 12.7 to 34.6 ±14.5 ng/ml
Karefylakis et al (2014) [75] n=293
obese women (n=243) or men (n=50)(40 ± 9.9y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

    10 years follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ 65% vitD deficient (<50 nmol/L)
Biagioni et al (2014) [73] n=22
obese women (18–40y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

    6 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ significantly increased
Beckman et al (2013) [72] n=20
obese women (48 ± 2y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

    12 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ increase of +10 ± 2 ng/ml after 12 months
Coupaye et al (2013) [74] n=60
women (n=53) or men (n=7) (40.5 ± 10.3y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=30)

  • Sleeve gastrectomy (n=30)

    6 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 13.4 ± 9.1 to 22.8 ± 11.3 ng/ml (p,0.0001)
Sleeve gastrectomy: 15.2 ± 9.5 to 24.1 ± 14.4 ng/ml
Casagrande et al (2012) [76] n=22
obese women (27.2 ± 9.6y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

    12 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ no significant increase pre-surgery: 11.7 (9.7–18.0) ng/ml
1-y follow-up: 15.7 (10.2–2.7) ng/ml
Sinha et al (2011) [79] n=73
obese women (n=75) or men (n=39) (39.2 ± 10.8y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n=50)

  • Gastric banding (GB) (n=18)

  • Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) (n=5)

    18 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ RYGB or BPD/DS: 22.1 to 31.0 ng/ml
GB: 20.3 to 33.0 ng/ml
Pramyothin et al. (2011) [82] n=17
obese women and men

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

  • post-surgery follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ no significant increase in serum 25(OH)D were observed between baseline measurements (23.1 ng/ml) and follow-up after 12 months (26.2 ng/ml)
Carlin et al (2006) [77] n=108
obese women (n=100) or men (n=8) (46 ± 9y)

  • Gastric bypass

    12 months follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ 20 ng/ml pre-surgery to 24ng/ml
12 months post-surgery
Sanchez-Hernandez et al (2005) [78] n=64
obese women or men (45 ± 10.9y)

  • Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

    post-supergy follow-up

 Intervention study ✓ ✓ ✓ normal (.50 nmol/L): 6.25 to 20.31%
insufficient (25–50 nmol/L): 25.00 to 37.50%
deficient (<25 nmol/L): 68.75 to 42.19%

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH, parathyroid hormone; vitD, vitamin D; PYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; BPD/DS, Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch; GB, gastric bypass; RCT, randomized controlled trial; y, year