Table 4.

Multivariable logistic regression model comparing Group 2 (N=2431, declining adherence) to Group 3 (N=2481), plateaued adherence, reference) at the point of divergence^*

Predictors*	Group 2**
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age group
18–34 years	1.20 (1.01–1.44)
35–50 years	1.07 (0.0.90–1.27)
51–65 years	Ref
Male (Female = ref)	0.97 (0.75–1.25)
Race/ethnicity
White	Ref
Black	1.09 (0.93–1.27)
Hispanic	1.13 (0.94–1.36)
Asian	1.09 (0.79–1.51)
AI/AN	1.07 (0.61–1.88)
Median household income	1.01 (0.97–1.05)
SLE risk adjustment index	0.96 (0.92–1.01)
Diabetes mellitus	1.01 (0.0.81–1.26)
Lupus nephritis	1.32 (0.99–1.74)
Antidepressant use (Never=ref)	1.16 (1.01–1.34)
Corticosteroids use (Never=ref)	0.93 (0.82–1.06)
Number of medications	1.02 (1.00–1.04)
Healthcare utilization
ED Visits	1.01 (0.99–1.05)
Hospitalizations	0.99 (0.92–1.07)
Outpatient visits	0.99 (0.98–1.01)
Number of Laboratory tests
ESR	1.09 (0.79–1.23)
BUN	1.24 (1.04–1.49)
Creatinine	0.96 (0.84–1.09)
Complement (C3 or C4)	0.94 (0.82–1.06)

^*Predictors from 6 months prior to first HCQ dispensing and updated through month 4 of follow-up; nonadherence patterns assessed from months 5 through 12.

^**Group 3 is the reference.

Model is additionally adjusted for U.S. state, geographic region, calendar year at index date, index date HCQ dispensing amount, additional laboratory tests, pain medications, preventive care (influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine), immunosuppressive medication use, comorbidities (substance abuse, alcoholism, malignancy, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, thromboembolic disease, chronic lung disease, smoking), and mean daily corticosteroid dose.