Table 2.

Possible beneficial effect of plants against Cd-induced kidney toxicity.

Plant Name	Effect of Cd on kidney	Outcome	References
Quercetin	Decreases enzymatic antioxidants activity and non-enzymatic status, Decreases kidney function, increases LPO, tubular necrosis, degeneration, dilation, desquamation, thickening of basement membrane and luminal cast formation	Attenuates alteration considering all premises	[48]
Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610	Perturbation of Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn concentration Increases MDA, decreases CAT, SOD, GPx acivity and GSH level. Cloudy swelling and necrosis of tubules and dilation of glomeruli.	Normalizes the pathological condition through oral route rather IP administration	[49]
Flax seed oil (Linum usitatissimum)	Decreases antioxidant activity, increases NO level, MDA	Normalizes the pathological condition	[51]
Curcumin Curcuma longa L	No observation	Decreases hepatic LPO, increases CAT, GPX activity, GSH level	[52]
Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene)
melatonin
Naringenin	Increases serum urea, uric acid, creatinine level, increases LPO, carbonyl compound, hydroperoxides, Decreases non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant status. necrosis and cloudy swelling of tubules, inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular necrosis, desquamation and degeneration of glomeruli and renal tubules	Normalizes the pathological condition	[53]