Table 3. Adverse events during follow-up study.
| Event/parameter | Group A [minimally invasive (N=33)] |
Group B [full sternotomy (N=18)] |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical assist post-LVAD, n (%) | NS | ||
| None | 10 (30.3) | 6 (33.3) | |
| IABP | 0 | 0 | |
| ECMO | 23 (69.7) | 11 (61.1) | |
| IABP + ECMO | 0 | 0 | |
| Impella + ECMO | 0 | 1 (5.6) | |
| Days of MCS post-LVAD | 3.5±4.7 | 4.8±5.7 | NS |
| ICU stay (d) | 16±18.2 | 18.2±12.9 | NS |
| Total hospital post-LVAD stay (d) | 31±68.8 | 36.0±45.6 | NS |
| Bleeding requiring redo surgery, n (%) | 3 (9.1) | 6 (33.3) | <0.05 |
| Blood transfusion (%) | 4±3 | 8±6 | <0.05 |
| Dialysis post-LVAD, n (%) | 12 (36.4) | 8 (44.4) | NS |
| RH failure, n (%) | 6 (18.2) | 11 (61.1) | <0.05 |
| Need for RVAD, n (%) | 2 (6.1) | 4 (22.2) | <0.05 |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 4 (12.1) | 7 (38.9) | NS |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 3 (9.1) | 2 (11.1) | NS |
| LVEF (%) | 22±8 | 19±6 | NS |
| LVEDD (mm) | 58.6±14.8 | 45.7±13.3 | NS |
| ECC bypass time (d) | 25.7±11.3 | 57.8±19.2 | <0.05 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 9 (27.3) | 9 (50.0) | <0.05 |
| 3-month mortality, n (%) | 9 (27.3) | 9 (50.0) | <0.05 |
| 6-month mortality, n (%) | 10 (30.3) | 9 (50.0) | <0.05 |
| 1-year mortality, n (%) | 10 (30.3) | 9 (50.0) | <0.05 |
| Device malfunction, n (%) | 0 | 0 | NS |
| Pump thrombosis, n (%) | 1 (3.1) | 0 | NS |
LVAD, left ventricular assist device; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; ICU, intensive care unit; RH, right heart; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; ECC, extracorporeal circulation; d, day; NS, not significant.