Figure 1.

The HF “iceberg”: based on the density of ice versus sea water, the submerged volume of ice below the water surface is almost ten times that above. If one compared the proportion of optimally managed (pharmacologically and otherwise) patients with HF to the proportion of subjects at risk for HF, with undetected HF or with established HF but on suboptimal treatment, those would be comparable to the mass of the tip and that of the submerged portion of an iceberg, respectively. HF, heart failure.