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Pretreatment with MA reduced DCA-induced TNF-α expression in Western blot analysis. Spinal cord tissue from the dorsal horn dorsal horn (C5-C8) showed that DCA increased TNF-α expression compared with saline-treated tissue. Pretreatment with MA reduced DCA-induced TNF-α expression. Between-group comparisons for each group were performed by ANOVA, followed by the Dunnett's test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; the DCA-only group served as the reference group).
