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. 2018 Jul 2;9:1449. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01449

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Copyright © 2018 Zahirović and Lunder.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of bacterial delivery vehicles that have been tested for use in allergy immunotherapy. (A) Live bacterial vehicles with various modes of delivery of allergens or allergen-derived peptides (red): intracellular expression (1), secretion (2), membrane- and cell wall display (3), pilus-mediated display (4); heterologous display (5). (B) Bacterial surface protein carriers; S-layer proteins (green) and albumin binding protein (yellow): recombinant expression of carrier proteins with allergen-derived peptides (1), isolation of surface proteins and chemical coupling to allergens or allergen-derived peptides (2).