Table 1.
Cytokine expression, responsiveness, and signaling observed in adrenal gland.
| Cytokine | Cytokine Expression (organism, tissue) | Responsiveness (organism, tissue, mode of exposure) | Cytokine Receptors (receptor name, organism, tissue) | Supported Signaling Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFN-α | Bovine (medulla and chromaffin cells, in vitro) (268, 269, 270) | IFNAR2; Bovine (chromaffin cells) (271) | PKC, ERK1/2, STAT 1 and 2 (268) PKC (270) |
|
| IL-1 α/β | Human (cortex, medulla, and KAT45 cells) (272, 273) Rat and Mouse (chromaffin cells) (274) Rat (cortex and medulla, chromaffin, and PC12 cells) (275, 276, 277, 278, 279) |
Human (chromaffin and KAT45 cells, in vitro) (280, 272) Rat (medulla, in vivo) (275) Rat (adrenal and PC12 cells, in vitro) (281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286) Mouse (primary chromaffin cells, in vitro) (287) Bovine (medulla and chromaffin cells, in vitro) (288, 289, 290, 291) |
IL-1R1; Rat (medulla and PC12 cells) (275, 292) IL-1R2; Rat (medulla) (293) IL-1RA; Rat (chromaffin cells) (279) |
MAPK, NO/PKC, NO/GC, NPY, PKA/NO (280) NPY (287) ERK1/2 (288) Ca2+ (292) PKA (282) CRH (272) |
| IFN-γ | Rat (PC12, in vitro) (294) Bovine (chromaffin cells, in vitro) (295) |
NFκB and STAT3 (295) | ||
| IL-4 | Bovine (cortex) (296) | |||
| IL-6 | Human (cortex, medulla and chromaffin cells) (297, 298, 299) Rat (medulla and PC12 cells) (300, 286, 301, 302) Bovine (ZG, ZF, ZR, medulla, and chromaffin cells) (266, 271) |
Human (adrenal, in vitro) (303, 299) Rat (PC12, in vitro) (304, 305) |
IL-6R; Human (normal and macrophage-depleted adrenal) (303, 299), Rat (medulla) (300) Gp130; Human (adrenal) (303), Rat (medulla) (300) |
c-Fos (305) STAT3(304) |
| IL-8 | Human (cortex, H295R cells) (306) Bovine (chromaffin cells) (271) |
|||
| IL-10 | Rat (PC12) (307) | |||
| IL-11 | Rat (PC12_bPAC1hop cells) (308) | |||
| IL-15 | Rat (medulla) (293) | |||
| TNF-α | Human (ZR, medulla, chromaffin cells, and pheochromocytoma) (267, 297, 309) Rat (PC12) (286) Bovine (adrenal capsule, cortex, and medulla) (266) |
Rat (PC12, in vitro) (310, 311, 312) Mouse (chromaffin cells, in vitro) (313) Bovine (chromaffin cells, in vitro) (271, 289, 314, 315, 291, 313, 316) |
TNFR1; Bovine (chromaffin cells) (314) TNFR2; Bovine (chromaffin cells) (289, 314, 315) |
ERK 1/2, p38, AP-1, NFκB (289) NFκB (RelA, NFκB1, NFκB2) (315) NFκB (various Rel class members) (271) |
| CCL2 | Rat (medulla, PC12_bPAC1hop cells) (293, 308) Bovine (chromaffin cells) (271) |
|||
| CCL5 | Bovine (chromaffin cells) (271) | |||
| CCL7 CXCL14 TNFS8 NAMPT |
Rat (PC12_bPAC1hop cells) (308) Bovine (chromaffin cells) (308) Bovine (chromaffin cells) (308) Rat (PC12_bPAC1hop cells) (308) Bovine (chromaffin cells) (308) |
|||
| CXCL2 CXCL8 |
Bovine (chromaffin cells) (271) |
JAK, Janus kinase; STAT, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription; NO, Nitric Oxide; GC, Guanylyl Cyclase; NPY, Neuropeptide Y; ZG, Zona Glomerulosa; ZF, Zona Fasciculata; ZR, Zona Reticularis.