Table 4.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) values and upper limb scores.
| Exercise session: | MICE | HIIT | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain hemisphere: | Ipsilesional (n = 8) | Contralesional (n = 12) | Ipsilesional (n = 8) | Contralesional (n = 12) | ||||||||||
| Pre, post, and change: | Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | ||
| TMS Measures | Single pulses | RMT (MSO%) | 44.62 ± 8.1 | 42.0 ± 8.5 | −2.62 ± 7.3 | 44.17 ± 8.4 | 43.17 ± 6.7 | −1.08 ± 4.6 | 39.75 ± 7.9 | 39.12 ± 6.3 | −0.75 ± 5.0 | 43.83 ± 7.6 | 44.75 ± 11.1 | 0.58 ± 6.0 |
| MEP Latency (ms) | 25.49 ± 1.1 | 25.29 ± 1.0 | −0.21 ± 0.7† | 24.18 ± 1.3 | 24.08 ± 1.72 | −0.10 ± 1.0 | 24.27 ± 1.8 | 25.04 ± 1.8* | 0.76 ± 0.6† | 24.02 ± 1.9 | 24.11 ± 1.9 | 0.09 ± 1.0 | ||
| TMSpp (%Unconditioned MEP) | ISI3ms | 13.78 ± 9.3 | 26.78 ± 23.1 | 11.56 ± 15.2 | 21.50 ± 13.0 | 23.48 ± 17.00 | 1.79 ± 9.7 | 22.61 ± 17.3 | 30.32 ± 32.1 | 7.71 ± 26.2 | 28.21 ± 25.8 | 29.98 ± 27.5 | 1.78 ± 34.6 | |
| ISI12ms | 22.48 ± 8.5 | 41.98 ± 33.6 | 19.50 ± 28.9 | 35.10 ± 22.8 | 35.90 ± 24.83 | 0.81 ± 7.8 | 35.65 ± 24.3 | 39.41 ± 29.2 | 3.76 ± 20.3 | 34.67 ± 29.5 | 40.35 ± 42.6 | 5.68 ± 21.9 | ||
| Hand: | Affected (n = 8) | Less affected (n = 12) | Affected (n = 8) | Less affected (n = 12) | ||||||||||
| Pre, post, and change: | Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | ||
| Upper limb performance | Strength | Pinch (Kg) | 8.96 ± 1.9 | 8.41 ± 2.0* | −0.55 ± 0.5 | 8.88 ± 2.3 | 8.70 ± 2.22 | −0.18 ± 0.6 | 8.83 ± 2.0 | 8.65 ± 2.2 | −0.18 ± 0.5 | 8.49 ± 2.5 | 8.35 ± 2.4 | −0.14 ± 0.6 |
| Grip (Kg) | 26.19 ± 6.4 | 26.62 ± 7.0 | 0.43 ± 3.7 | 30.79 ± 9.1 | 30.29 ± 8.03 | −0.50 ± 3.0 | 27.56 ± 7.4 | 27.31 ± 7.0 | −0.025 ± 1.0 | 30.96 ± 9.4 | 30.83 ± 8.6 | −0.08 ± 2.0 | ||
| Dexterity | BBT (seconds) | 51.12 ± 11.3 | 52.19 ± 11.0 | 1.06 ± 3.9 | 57.46 ± 10.2 | 59.33 ± 9.5 | 1.92 ± 5.5 | 50.25 ± 10.9 | 50.44 ± 9.8 | 0.19 ± 5.8 | 58.04 ± 7.8 | 58.29 ± 8.9 | 0.25 ± 4.8 | |
MEP, Motor Evoked Potential; RMT, Resting Motor Threshold eliciting a 0.05mV MEP; TMSpp, TMS paired-pulse; ISI12ms, Interstimulus Interval of 12ms; ISI3ms, Interstimulus Interval of 3.0ms, averaged; BBT: box block test; Change (Δ = post – pre).
*
Significant different from pre (Bonferroni corrected p < 0.01);
†
Change is significantly different between MICE and HIIT (p < 0.05).
Ipsilesional and affected hand's data could not be collected in 4 participants due to severity of hand spasticity (n = 8); Contralesional and less affected hand's data could be collected in all participants (n = 12).