Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for the Head Start Impact Study Analytic Sample
| Treatment | Control | Mean diff. T/C, p-val | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child and Family Characteristics | mean | SD | min | max | mean | SD | min | max | |
| Male | 0.52 | 0 | 1 | 0.52 | 0 | 1 | 0.95 | ||
| White | 0.39 | 0 | 1 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.68 | ||
| African American | 0.16 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0 | 1 | 0.91 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.45 | 0 | 1 | 0.44 | 0 | 1 | 0.62 | ||
| Preschool entry literacy & language skills composite (std.) | 0.07 | 1.04 | −2.83 | 4.24 | −0.05 | 0.94 | −3.10 | 2.90 | 0.05 |
| Limited English proficiency | 0.32 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 0.51 | ||
| Child has special needs | 0.14 | 0 | 1 | 0.13 | 0 | 1 | 0.24 | ||
| Mother’s Race | |||||||||
| White | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 1.00 | ||
| African American | 0.16 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0 | 1 | 0.99 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 0.99 | ||
| Mother’s age | 29.65 | 7.45 | 18.00 | 75.00 | 29.42 | 6.64 | 19.00 | 62.00 | 0.61 |
| Mothers education | |||||||||
| Below High School | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 0.77 | ||
| High School | 0.30 | 0 | 1 | 0.34 | 0 | 1 | 0.19 | ||
| > High School | 0.28 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | 0 | 1 | 0.30 | ||
| Lives in urban area | 0.85 | 0 | 1 | 0.85 | 0 | 1 | 0.88 | ||
| Marital status | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | 0.53 | 0 | 1 | 0.14 | ||
|
Classroom Instructional Characteristics | |||||||||
| Total basic language & literacy activities in K (times per month) | 80.49 | 17.11 | 19 | 100 | 81.57 | 16.00 | 14 | 100 | 0.32 |
| Total advanced language & literacy activities in K (times per month) | 76.63 | 16.95 | 11 | 100 | 76.79 | 15.52 | 21 | 100 | 0.88 |
| Total basic language & literacy activities in K & G1 (times per month) | 179.28 | 70.07 | 19 | 314 | 181.22 | 68.84 | 14 | 314 | 0.66 |
| Total advanced language & literacy activities in K & G1 (times per month) | 182.97 | 76.48 | 11 | 340 | 186.78 | 74.67 | 21.5 | 334 | 0.43 |
|
School Characteristics | |||||||||
| Full-day Kindergarten | 0.60 | 0 | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 1 | 0.19 | ||
| Kindergarten class size | 20.73 | 5.24 | 2 | 50 | 20.66 | 4.94 | 1 | 50 | 0.84 |
| Classroom % children eligible for FRPL | 68.72 | 32.12 | 0 | 100 | 68.62 | 31.56 | 0 | 100 | 0.96 |
| School % children eligible for FRPL | 65.56 | 26.31 | 0 | 100 | 65.78 | 6.21 | 0 | 100 | 0.90 |
| School % proficient in reading | 57.67 | 28.13 | 2 | 100 | 59.66 | 28.02 | 4 | 100 | 0.31 |
| School % proficient in math | 65.10 | 22.03 | 0 | 100 | 66.07 | 22.61 | 0 | 100 | 0.53 |
|
| |||||||||
| Observations | 653 | 390 | |||||||
Note. SD=Standard deviation (shown for continuous variables only); FRPL=Free or reduced-price lunch; K=Kindergarten. The p-value column presents results from tests of differences in proportions and means between the treatment and control group.