Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants in four phenotype groups (n = 12757).
| Variables | NWNT | HTG | EW | HTGW | Total | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 5089) | (N = 1277) | (N = 4061) | (N = 2330) | (N = 12757) | ||
| Age (year) | 55.3 ± 7.9 | 55.2 ± 7.1 | 56.2 ± 7.8∗ | 56.4 ± 7.2∗ | 55.8 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Men | 1909 (37.5) | 672 (52.6) | 864 (21.3) | 656 (28.2) | 4101 (32.1) | |
| Women | 3180 (62.5) | 605 (47.4) | 3197 (78.7) | 1674 (71.8) | 8656 (67.9) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.644 | |||||
| Han | 4858 (95.5) | 1218 (95.4) | 3852 (94.9) | 2206 (94.7) | 12134 (95.1) | |
| Others | 231 (4.5) | 59 (4.6) | 209 (5.1) | 124 (5.3) | 623 (4.9) | |
| Educational status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Primary school or below | 209 (4.1) | 42 (3.3) | 366 (9.0) | 142 (6.1) | 759 (5.9) | |
| Middle school | 1463 (28.7) | 378 (29.6) | 1381 (34.0) | 829 (35.6) | 4051 (31.8) | |
| High school | 2436 (47.9) | 599 (46.9) | 1751 (43.1) | 1012 (43.5) | 5798 (45.5) | |
| College or above | 981 (19.3) | 258 (20.2) | 563 (13.9) | 347 (14.9) | 2149 (16.8) | |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 933 (18.4) | 384 (30.1) | 443 (10.9) | 413 (17.8) | 2173 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 572 (11.3) | 223 (17.5) | 315 (7.8) | 210 (9.0) | 1320 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.002 | |||||
| Low | 942 (18.5) | 248 (19.5) | 666 (16.4) | 454 (19.5) | 2310 (18.1) | |
| Moderate | 3538 (69.5) | 888 (69.5) | 2930 (72.1) | 1647 (70.7) | 9003 (70.6) | |
| High | 609 (12.0) | 141 (11.0) | 465 (11.5) | 229 (9.8) | 1444 (11.3) | |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 935 (18.4) | 243 (19.0) | 738 (18.2) | 400 (17.2) | 2316 (18.2) | 0.301 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 2.5 | 24.3 ± 2.3∗ | 27.3 ± 3.1∗ | 27.8 ± 2.9∗ | 25.4 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Overweight, n (%) | 1797 (35.3) | 637 (49.9) | 2093 (51.5) | 1146 (49.2) | 5673 (44.5) | <0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 103 (2.0) | 65 (5.1) | 1477 (36.4) | 1008 (43.3) | 2653 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 76.3 ± 6.4 | 79.5 ± 5.9∗ | 88.2 ± 6.8∗ | 89.8 ± 6.8∗ | 82.9 ± 8.9 | <0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 90.2 ± 5.1 | 91.1 ± 4.9∗ | 97.9 ± 6.3∗ | 98.4 ± 6.2∗ | 94.3 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1∗ | 0.9 ± 0.1∗ | 0.9 ± 0.1∗ | 0.9 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.8 ± 16.1 | 131.5 ± 15.7∗ | 131.5 ± 16.5∗ | 134.1 ± 16.2∗ | 130.0 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.6 ± 9.4 | 77.1 ± 9.7∗ | 76.1 ± 9.8∗ | 78.4 ± 9.3∗ | 75.6 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 851 (16.7) | 258 (20.2) | 1172 (28.9) | 762 (32.7) | 3043 (23.9) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.5∗ | 5.4 ± 0.5∗ | 5.5 ± 0.5∗ | 5.4 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| 2 h-PG (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 6.9 ± 1.7∗ | 7.0 ± 1.6∗ | 7.3 ± 1.6∗ | 6.8 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.5∗ | 5.8 ± 0.4∗ | 5.8 ± 0.5∗ | 5.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Prediabetes, n (%) | 1089 (21.4) | 435 (34.1) | 1334 (32.8) | 982 (42.1) | 3840 (30.1) | <0.001 |
| IFG, n (%) | 203 (3.9) | 61 (4.8) | 162 (4.0) | 118 (5.1) | 544 (4.3) | |
| IGT, n (%) | 740 (14.5) | 278 (21.8) | 929 (22.9) | 661 (28.4) | 2608 (20.4) | |
| IFG + IGT, n (%) | 146 (2.9) | 96 (7.5) | 243 (5.9) | 203 (8.7) | 688 (5.4) | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 5.7 ± 1.8∗ | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 1.0∗ | 5.3 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 1.7∗ | 1.1 ± 0.3∗ | 2.7 ± 1.3∗ | 1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.3∗ | 1.5 ± 0.4∗ | 1.2 ± 0.3∗ | 1.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.9∗ | 3.2 ± 0.7∗ | 3.5 ± 0.8∗ | 3.2 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as the mean ± SD or n (%). NWNT: normal waist-normal triglycerides; HTG: normal waist-elevated triglycerides; EW: enlarged waist-normal triglycerides; HTGW: hypertriglyceridemic waist; FHD: family history of diabetes; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; WHR: waist-hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; 2 h-PG: two-hour postloading plasma glucose blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ∗P < 0.01 compared with NWNT.