Table II.
Changes in vocal measures after RE removal for all patients and oedema subgroups. Data expressed as mean differences of pre- and postoperative values (upper line), with 95% confidence intervals (lower line, in parentheses).
| Vocal measure | RE total group (n = 60) |
Marginal oedema group (n = 4) |
Type I Yonekawa group (n = 19) |
Type II Yonekawa group (n = 29) |
Type III Yonekawa group (n = 8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEM | 24.57 (16.89; 32.24) |
9.41 (– 0.57; 19.38) |
26.24 (12.59; 39.90) |
20.77 (9.43; 32.10) |
41.93 (12.23; 71.63) |
| DSI | 2.41 (1.62; 3.20) |
0.32 (– 1.06; 1.69) |
1.87 (1.05; 2.69) |
3.00 (1.53; 4.46) |
2.61 (0.37; 4.84) |
| MPT | 1.68 (0.48; 2.87) |
2.10 (– 1.48; 5.68) |
1.67 (0.51; 2.84) |
2.20 (0.27; 4.13) |
– 0.45 (– 6.58; 5.68) |
| VR | 3.55 (1.79; 5.31) |
1.23 (– 5.22; 7.67) |
6.54 (1.75; 11.33) |
1.86 (0.32; 3.41) |
3.76 (– 0.42; 7.94) |
| I_min | – 2.50 (– 4.08; – 0.92) |
– 0.25 (– 2.64; 2.14) |
– 3.74 (– 6.83; – 0.64) |
– 1.76 (– 4.15; 0.63) |
– 3.38 (– 8.74; 1.99) |
| F0_max | 112.55 (84.15; 140.95) |
31.75 (– 116.55; 180.05) |
118.26 (56.89; 179.64) |
110.17 (72.59; 147.76) |
148.00 (55.99; 240.01) |
| F0_min | 16.72 (8.99; 24.44) |
– 5.75 (– 27.85; 16.35) |
– 0.74 (– 12.42; 10.94) |
24.83 (16.29; 33.36) |
40.00 (3.27; 76.73) |
| ST_max | 6.28 (4.37; 8.19) |
0.50 (– 4.78; 5.78) |
6.26 (1.64; 10.89) |
6.03 (3.95; 8.12) |
10.12 (3.51; 16.74) |
| ST_min | 2.70 (1.53; 3.87) |
– 1.00 (– 3.25; 1.25) |
– 0.21 (– 1.88; 1.46) |
4.14 (2.71; 5.56) |
6.25 (1.48; 11.02) |
| ST_MSP | 1.92 (0.95; 2.88) |
– 0.75 (– 3.14; 1.64) |
– 0.47 (– 1.48; 0.53) |
3.24 (2.03; 4.45) |
4.12 (– 0.59; 8.84) |
| MSP_Hz | 16.82 (9.26; 24.37) |
– 7.00 (– 30.57; 16.57) |
– 1.89 (– 11.36; 7.57) |
28.14 (18.69; 37.59) |
32.12 (– 1.05; 65.30) |
| MSP_dB(A) | 0.55 (– 0.65; 1.75) |
– 0.75 (– 6.32; 4.82) |
– 0.05 (– 2.41; 2.31) |
0.62 (– 1.23; 2.47) |
2.38 (– 0.94; 5.69) |
| Jitter | – 0.83 (– 1.37; – 0.29) |
0.00 (– 0.02; 0.03) |
– 0.09 (– 0.18; 0.00) |
– 1.42 (– 2.45; – 0.38) |
– 0.86 (– 2.44; 0.73) |
| VHI | – 6.43 (– 8.57; – 4.30) |
– 10.75 (– 19.79; – 1.71) |
– 4.79 (– 9.04; – 0.54) |
– 7.14 (– 10.46; – 3.81) |
– 5.62 (– 10.56; – 0.69) |
| VHIs | – 0.72 (– 0.98; – 0.45) |
– 0.75 (– 1.55; 0.05) |
– 0.68 (– 1.19; – 0.17) |
– 0.69 (– 1.10; – 0.28) |
– 0.88 (– 1.82; 0.07) |
VEM: vocal extent measure; DSI: dysphonia severity index; MPT: maximum phonation time; VR: vocal range; I_min: lowest vocalization; F0_max: highest tone; F0_min: lowest tone; ST: semitones related to the hearing threshold of 16 Hz (ST_max, ST_min, ST_MSP); MSP: mean speaking pitch [MSP_dB(A), MSP_Hz); VHI: voice handicap index; VHIs: self-perceived impairment of voice at the present time.