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. 2018 Jun 7;8(13):3611–3628. doi: 10.7150/thno.25613

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Thermal ablation with immunotherapy alters the transcriptome and improves the abscopal response in NDL tumor mice. (A) Treatment protocol administered to FVB mice orthotopically transplanted with NDL tumors in the fourth and ninth mammary fat pad (n=118). Treatment began on day 21 after implantation and assays were conducted on day 31, 34, or 38. Groups included: ablation-immunotherapy (AI) (n=45), immunotherapy-alone (I) (n=35), and no treatment control (NTC, n=38), where treated tumors are denoted as either AI-T or I-T, and contralateral tumors are denoted as either AI-C or I-C. (B) Representative volumes of treated and contralateral tumors as measured by ultrasound for AI (n=4, 8 tumors), I (n=4, 7 tumors), and NTC (n=5, 10 tumors). (C) Tumor cells were isolated and viability quantified by flow cytometry. Groups included: AI (n=8 tumors) or I (n=8 tumors), and NTC (n=6 tumors). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 (ANOVA with Fishers LSD test), and †<0.05 compared to Day 38 NTC (unpaired t-test with Welch's correction). All data are plotted as mean ± SD. (D) Principal component analysis (PCA) from RNA-seq analysis of treated and contralateral tumors as measured by ultrasound for AI-T (n=3, 3 tumors), AI-C (n=3, 3 tumors), I-T (n=3, 3 tumors), I-C (n=4, 4 tumors) and NTC (n=5, 5 tumors). (E) H&E staining in NDL contralateral and NTC tumors at day 38. Scale bars are 2 mm.