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. 2018 Jun 6;8(13):3474–3489. doi: 10.7150/thno.23804

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Endocytic pathway and caveolae trafficking. (A-B) Cellular uptake of RITC-labeled HA-PNPplex in Caco-2 cells pretreated with different endocytic pathway inhibitors for 0.5 h at 37 °C with a RITC concentration of 500 ng/mL. (A) Cellular uptake percent was detected using FCM. ***P < 0.001 versus the control (n = 5). (B) CLSM observation of intracellular accumulation. (C-E) Caveolae trafficking examination. Co-localization of RITC-PNPplex or RITC-HA-PNPplex with (C) Alexa Fluor 488-labeled Cave-1, (D) Alexa Fluor 488-labeled CTB and (E) FITC-labeled F-actin observed using CLSM. White arrows show co-localization of the nanoparticles with caveolae or CTB and F-actin related to caveolar trafficking. Caco-2 cells were incubated with the RITC-labeled nanoparticles at a RITC concentration of 500 ng/mL for 4 h at 37 °C.