Table 2.
Plasma Metabolites
| Baseline | Step Reduction | Recovery | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose fasting, mM | 5.3 ± 0.5a | 5.7 ± 0.6b | 5.7 ± 0.5b |
| Glucose 60 min, mM | 9.9 ± 1.6a | 11.1 ± 0.4b | 10.3 ± 0.4a |
| Glucose 120 min, mM | 8.8 ± 1.5a | 9.2 ± 1.5b | 8.7 ± 1.8a,b |
| Glucose peak, mM | 10.4 ± 1.4a | 11.4 ± 1.6b | 10.7 ± 1.6a |
| Insulin fasting, μIU∙mL−1 | 11.1 ± 1.5a | 14.5 ± 3.1b | 13.2 ± 2.3b |
| HBA1c, % | 5.90 ± 0.30a | 5.91 ± 0.32a | 5.94 ± 0.33b |
| HBA1c, mM | 41.1 ± 3.3a | 41.3 ± 3.4a | 41.6 ± 3.6b |
| TNF-α, pg∙mL−1 | 11.8 ± 2.8a | 15.4 ± 4.6b | 14.3 ± 3.8c |
| IL-6, pg∙mL−1 | 8.3 ± 3.1a | 10.8 ± 4.4b | 10 ± 3.4b |
| CRP, µg∙mL−1 | 1.1 ± 0.4a | 1.6 ± 0.7b | 1.4 ± 0.8 a,b |
Note: CRP = C-reactive protein; HBA1c = glycated hemoglobin; IL-6 = interleukin-6; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha. Data expressed as Mean ± SD. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different (p < .05), n=22.