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. 2018 Mar 13;98(6):776–783. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy055

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 4. — Caenorhabditis elegans sperm membrane interactions during development. Sperm protein complex composition changes depending on the stage of sperm development. In spermatids, FER-1, SPE-4, SPE-10, SPE-38, and SPE-41/TRP-3 are localized to the MO (circled in red). The data presented here indicated that these proteins interact with SPE-19, SPE-29, and SPE-42 and form a sperm membrane complex in the MO of spermatids. Similar sperm membrane complex models are presented for MO, plasma membrane, and pseudopod localization by adding the interaction data presented here with the known protein localization. [red circle = protein localization based on published data; blue nodes = genes necessary for spermiogenesis; orange nodes = genes necessary for spermatogenesis; green nodes = genes necessary for fertilization; circular nodes = proteins capable of homotypic interaction (self-looping node); square node = proteins not capable of homotypic interaction].