. 2018 Jul 6;6:e5142. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5142

Table 3. Comparative analysis of the primary outcomes.

Measure	Group	Mean ± SD				Mean difference (95% CI); effect size (d)
Heart rate (Hpm)		Pre’-Pre	^1st I-Pre	^2nd I-Pre	Post-^2nd I	(a) (Pre’-Pre) vs. (^1st I-Pre)
						(b) (Pre’-Pre) vs. (^2nd I-Pre)
						(c) (^2nd I-Pre) vs. (Post- ^2ndI)
	MI	−0.88 ± 4.70	6.15 ± 3.43	9.47 ± 5.32	−6.29 ± 5.35	(a) −7.04^* (−11.62 to −2.46); d = − 1.71
						(b) −10.35^** (−15.23 to −5.47); d = − 2.06
						(c) 5.40^* (1.34 to 9.46); d = 2.95
	MI + AO	−0.23 ± 2.68	6.80 ± 6.32	10.10 ± 5.88	−7.26 ± 5.28	(a) −7.04^* (−11.61 to −2.47); d = − 1.44
						(b) −10.34^** (−15.22 to −5.46); d = − 2.26
						(c) 7.03^** (2.97 to 11.09); d = 3.10
	CG	1.46 ± 3.04	−1.40 ± 4.03	−2.20 ± 3.56	−0.66 ± 2.12	(a) 2.86 (−1.71 to 7.43); d = 0.80
						(b) 3.66 (−1.21 to 8.54); d = 1.10
						(c) 2.21 (−1.92 to 6.19); d = − 0.52
Mean difference (95% CI); effect size (d)	MI vs. MI + AO	−0.65 (−3.91 to 2.61); d = − 0.17	−0.65 (−4.98 to 3.68); d = − 0.12	−0.63 (−5.21 to 3.93); d = − 0.11	0.97 (−3.13 to 5.08); d = 0.18
	MI vs. CG	−2.35 (−5.62 to 0.91); d = − 0.59	7.55^** (3.21 to 11.89); d = 2.01	11.67^** (7.09 to 16.24); d = 2.57	−5.62^* (−9.73 to −1.51); d = − 1.38
	MI + AO vs. CG	−1.70 (−4.96 to 1.56); d = − 0.58	8.20^** (3.86 to 12.54); d = 1.54	12.30^** (7.73 to 16.88); d = 2.53	−6.60^* (−10.71 to −2.49); d = − 1.64
Respiration Rate (Bpm)		Pre’-Pre	^1st I-Pre	^2nd I-Pre	Post-^2nd I	(a) (Pre’-Pre) vs. (^1st I-Pre)
						(b) (Pre’-Pre) vs. (^2nd I-Pre)
						(c) (^2nd I-Pre) vs. (Post-^2nd I)
	MI	0.06 ± 1.01	2.67 ± 1.97	4.34 ± 2.17	−4.19 ± 2.08	(a) −2.61^* (−4.47 to −0.74); d = − 1.66
						(b) −4.28^** (−6.19 to −2.37); d = − 2.52
						(c) 8.54^** (6.10 to 10.98); d = 4.01
	MI + AO	0.22 ± 0.73	3.19 ± 2.21	5.63 ± 2.03	−4.53 ± 2.14	(a)−2.96^** (−4.83 to −1.09); d = − 1.80
						(b)−5.40^** (−7.31 to −3.49) d = − 3.54
						(c) 10.16^** (7.72 to 12.60); d = 4.87
	CG	0.12 ± 1.83	−0.46 ± 1.50	−0.82 ± 1.79	0.17 ± 1.26	(a) 0.58 (−1.28 to 2.44); d = 0.34
						(b) 0.94 (−0.97 to 2.85); d = 0.51
						(c) −0.99 (−3.43 to 1.44); d = − 0.63
Mean difference (95% CI); effect size (d)	MI vs. MI + AO	−0.16 (−1.33 to 1.00); d = − 0.18	−0.52 (−2.27 to 1.23); d = − 0.24	−1.28 (−3.11 to 0.54); d = − 0.61	0.33 (−1.37 to 2.03); d = 0.16
	MI vs. CG	−0.06 (−1.22 to 1.10); d = − 0.04	3.13^** (1.38 to 4.88); d = 1.78	5.16^** (3.33 to 6.99); d = 2.59	−4.37^** (−6.08 to −2.66); d = − 2.53
	MI + AO vs. CG	0.10 (−1.06 to 1.27); d = 0.07	3.65^** (1.90 to 5.40); d = 1.93	6.45^** (4.62 to 8.27); d = 3.37	−4.70^** (−6.41 to −2.99); d = − 2.62

Notes.

p < .05

^**

p < .01

TITLE

SD: Standard Deviation
vs.: versus
(Pre’-Pre): Pre-Intervention Differences
(^1stI-Pre): Differences between First Intervention and Pre-Intervention
(^2ndI-Pre): Differences between Second Intervention and Pre-Intervention
(Post- ^2ndI): Differences between Post-Intervention and Second Intervention
MI: Motor Imagery
MI + AO: Motor Imagery and Action Observation
CG: Control Group
Hpm: heartbeats per minute
Bpm: breaths per minute