Table 4.
Non-ocular conditions associated with amblyopia.
| Risk Factor | Amblyopic Children No. (%) | Non-Amblyopic Children No. (%) | p | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factor (urban/rural) | 10 (28.6) | 604 (50.50) | 0.0105 | 2.55 (1.21–5.36) |
| Gender (female/male) | 24 (68.6) | 792 (66.22) | 0.771 | 1.11 (0.54–2.29) |
| Maternal BMI <18.5 | 19 (54.3) | 164 (13.71) | <0.001 | 7.47 (3.77–14.83) |
| Maternal BMI >25 | 3 (9) | 20 (1.7) | 0.002 | 5.51 (1.56–19.50) |
| Maternal age ≥35 years | 3 (9) | 12 (1) | 0.000057 | 9.25 (2.49–34.39) |
| Toxic environment | 11 (31.4) | 24 (2) | <0.001 | 22.38 (9.86–50.83) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 17 (48.6) | 156 (13.04) | <0.001 | 6.30 (3.18–12.48) |
| Caesarean birth | 18 (51.4) | 528 (44.19) | 0.392 | 1.34 (0.68–2.62) |
| Prematurity | 14 (40) | 152 (12.7) | <0.001 | 4.58 (2.28–9.20) |
| Apgar score <7 | 4 (11) | 28 (2.3) | 0.0008 | 5.38 (1.78–16.28) |
| Birth weight <2500 g | 11 (31.4) | 148 (12.37) | 0.0009 | 3.25 (1.56–6.76) |