Table 1. Demographic characteristics.
| Men (N = 580) |
Women (N = 745) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age(yr) | 59.96±8.22 | 60.44±8.56 | 0.302 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.93±3.01 | 24.69±3.36 | 0.000 |
| Obesity | 86(14.8) | 166(22.3) | 0.001 |
| Married | 554(95.5) | 598(80.3) | 0.000 |
| Education > 12years | 242(41.7) | 125(16.8) | 0.000 |
| Alcohol | 397(68.4) | 184(24.7) | 0.000 |
| Smoking | 194(33.5) | 11(1.5) | 0.000 |
| Exercise | 253(43.6) | 280(37.6) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 119(20.6) | 139(18.7) | 0.390 |
| Hypertension | 105(18.1) | 143(19.2) | 0.613 |
| Self-reported hand or knee arthritis | 26(4.5) | 112(15.0) | 0.000 |
| Manual work | 112(19.3) | 273(36.6) | 0.000 |
| MCS | 71.61±12.96 | 64.84±15.56 | 0.000 |
Values are the mean ± SD for continuous variables and the number (%) for categorical variables. N = number of participants; BMI = body mass index; MCS = mental component summary of SF12. Obesity = BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2. Continuous variables were tested using Student’s t-test, and categorical variables were tested using Pearson’s chi-square test.