Table 1. General Characteristics of Women Aged 15-49 Years From NDHS 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 Disaggregated by FDC Policy Intervention Year (N = 16 837) .
| Variables |
1994-2004 (No FDC Policy)
No. (%) |
2005-2008 (MIS)
No. (%) |
2009-2011 (Aama)
No. (%) |
|
| Dependent Variable | ||||
| 4 ANC | ||||
| No | 9047 (84.9) | 2119 (62.6) | 1267 (45.3) | |
| Yes | 1608 (15.1) | 1268 (37.4) | 1528 (54.7) | |
| Institutional Delivery | ||||
| No | 9512 (89.3) | 2546 (75.2) | 1600 (57.3) | |
| Yes | 1143 (10.7) | 841 (24.8) | 1195 (42.7) | |
| Individual Level Variable | ||||
| Age at birth | ||||
| 15-19 | 803 (7.3) | 290 (8.6) | 291 (10.4) | |
| 20-29 | 6183 (58.1) | 2132 (63.0) | 1875 (67.1) | |
| 30-39 | 2984 (28.1) | 814 (24.0) | 548 (19.6) | |
| ≥40 | 685 (6.5) | 151 (4.4) | 81 (2.9) | |
| Parity | ||||
| Birth order 1 | 2252 (21.1) | 946 (27.9) | 941 (33.7) | |
| Birth order 2-3 | 4287 (40.3) | 1488 (43.9) | 1244 (44.5) | |
| Birth order 4+ | 4116 (38.6) | 953 (28.2) | 610 (21.8) | |
| Women’s education | ||||
| No education | 7742 (72.7) | 1782 (52.7) | 1172 (41.9) | |
| Less than secondary education | 1449 (13.6) | 658 (19.4) | 556 (19.9) | |
| Secondary or high | 1464 (13.7) | 947 (27.9) | 1067 (38.2) | |
| Caste/ethnic group | ||||
| Disadvantage Dalit: Dalit and tarai Madhesi | 2888 (27.2) | 844 (25.0) | 703 (25.2) | |
| Disadvantage Janjati: Janjati, Muslim and Others | 3934 (36.9) | 1185 (34.9) | 980 (35.1) | |
| Advantage: Brahman, Chhetri and Newar | 3833 (35.9) | 1358 (40.1) | 1112 (39.7) | |
| Household income group | ||||
| Low income: poorest 40% | 4854 (45.5) | 1636 (48.3) | 1386 (49.6) | |
| Middle income: middle 40% | 4072 (38.2) | 1197 (35.3) | 987 (35.3) | |
| High income: richest 20% | 1729 (16.3) | 554 (16.4) | 422 (15.1) | |
| Community Level Variable | ||||
| Ecological belt | ||||
| Mountain | 1518 (14.3) | 543 (16.1) | 537 (19.2) | |
| Hill | 4210 (39.5) | 1329 (39.2) | 1121 (40.1) | |
| Tarai | 4927 (46.2) | 1515 (44.7) | 1137 (40.7) | |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 9316 (87.4) | 2622 (77.4) | 2199 (78.7) | |
| Urban | 1339 (12.6) | 765 (22.6) | 596 (21.3) | |
| Development region | ||||
| Eastern | 2267 (21.3) | 786 (23.2) | 640 (22.9) | |
| Central | 2949 (27.7) | 761 (22.6) | 585 (20.9) | |
| Western | 1914 (17.9) | 579 (17.1) | 440 (15.8) | |
| Mid-western | 1688 (15.9) | 633 (18.6) | 630 (22.6) | |
| Far-western | 1837 (17.2) | 628 (18.5) | 500 (17.8) | |
| Concentration of the rich households | ||||
| Low | 8017 (75.2) | 2486 (73.4) | 2076 (74.3) | |
| Medium | 1736 (16.3) | 672 (19.8) | 559 (20.0) | |
| High | 902 (8.5) | 229 (6.8) | 160 (5.7) | |
| Concentration of the high caste households | ||||
| Low | 6130 (57.5) | 1753 (51.8) | 1411 (50.5) | |
| Medium | 2964 (27.8) | 1079 (31.9) | 1004 (35.9) | |
| High | 1561 (14.7) | 555 (16.3) | 380 (13.6) | |
Abbreviations: FDC, Free Delivery Care; ANC, antenatal care; MIS, Maternity Incentive Scheme; NDHS, Nepal Demographic and Health Survey.