Table 3. FDC Policy, Individual and Community Factors Contributing to the Utilisation of Institutional Delivery .
| Variable | Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| FDC policy | ||||
| (ref = No FDC policy, 1994-2005) | ||||
| MIS (2005-2008) | 2.782 (2.340, 3.307)c | 2.117 (1.764, 2.540)c | ||
| Aama (2009-2011) | 5.916 (4.722, 7.411)c | 5.116 (4.118, 6.357)c | ||
| Individual Level Variables | ||||
| Age at birth (ref = more than 40) | ||||
| 15-19 | 3.287 (2.362, 4.573)c | 0.373 (0.245, 0.568)c | 0.348 (0.226, 0.534)c | |
| 20-29 | 2.756 (1.995, 3.807)c | 0.426 (0.289, 0.628)c | 0.408 (0.273, 0.608)c | |
| 30-39 | 1.590 (1.128, 2.240)c | 0.597 (0.417, 0.855)b | 0.569 (0.403, 0.831)b | |
| Parity (ref = 1) | ||||
| 2-3 | 0.391 (0.351, 0.435)c | 0.462 (0.399, 0.535)c | 0.422 (0.361, 0.493)c | |
| 4 or more | 0.126 (0.106, 0.149)c | 0.270 (0.216, 0.337)c | 0.272 (0.217, 0.341)c | |
| Visit of 4 or more ANC (ref = no) | ||||
| Yes | 11.008 (9.368, 12.935)c | 5.130 (4.440, 5.928)c | 3.585 (3.105, 4.141)c | |
| Women’s education (ref = no education) | ||||
| Primary | 3.041 2.571, 3.596)c | 1.587 (1.317, 1.912)c | 1.360 (1.113, 1.661)b | |
| Secondary and above | 11.843 (9.962, 14.080)c | 2.931 (2.416, 3.555)c | 2.211 (1.803, 2.711)c | |
| Caste/Ethnic group (ref = Disadvantage Dalit: Dalit and tarai Madhesi) | ||||
| Disadvantage Janjati: Janjati, Muslim and Others | 1.092 (0.871,1.368) | 0.749 (0.593, 0.947)a | 0.818 (0.657, 1.017) | |
| Advantage: Brahman, Chhetri and Newar | 2.319 (1.879, 2.862)c | 0.832 (0.683, 1.194) | 1.084 (0.855, 1.374) | |
| Household income group (ref = Low income: 40%) | ||||
| Middle income: middle 40% | 2.780 (2.350, 3.288)c | 1.744 (1.485, 2.049)c | 1.651 (1.399, 1.950)c | |
| High income: richest 20% | 13.225 (10.706, 16.338)c | 4.675 (3.807, 5.742)c | 2.951 (2.324, 3.747)c | |
| Community Variable | ||||
| Ecological belt (ref = mountain) | ||||
| Hill | 2.666 (1.942, 3.660)c | 1.665 (1.223, 2.267)b | 1.552 (1.163, 2.070)b | |
| Tarai | 2.816 (2.089, 3.796)c | 1.274 (1.520, 2.900)c | 1.720 (1.279, 2.313)c | |
| Place of residence (ref = rural) | ||||
| Urban | 7.127 (5.669, 8.959)c | 2.459 (1.911, 3.163)c | 2.126 (1.752, 2.579)c | |
| Development region (ref = Far western) | ||||
| Eastern | 1.779 (1.208, 2.619)c | 1.558 (1.084, 2.239)a | 1.182 (0.852, 1.634) | |
| Central | 2.057 (1.426, 2.967)c | 1.671 (1.186, 2.353)b | 1.588 (1.155, 2.148)b | |
| Western | 1.616 (1.119, 2.334)c | 1.363 (0.937, 1.983) | 0.995 (0.724, 1.365) | |
| Mid-western | 1.094 (0.720, 1.662) | 1.229 (0.825, 1.831) | 1.293 (0.930, 1.799) | |
| Concentration of rich (ref = low) | ||||
| Medium | 4.307 (3.360, 5.521)c | 3.051 (2.348, 3.965)c | 1.652 (1.318, 2.069)c | |
| High | 11.931 (9.031, 15.763)c | 5.262 (3.819, 7.252)c | 2.434 (1.831, 3.236)c | |
| Concentration of high caste (ref = low) | ||||
| Medium | 2.127 (1.660, 2.726)c | 1.728 (1.388, 2.152)c | 1.027 (0.834, 1.263) | |
| High | 1.724 (1.215, 2.446)b | 1.754 (1.288, 2.388)c | 1.033 (0.791, 1.349) | |
Abbreviations: FDC, Free Delivery Care; ANC, antenatal care; MIS, Maternity Incentive Scheme.
Note:a ≤.001, b ≤.01 and c ≤.05.