S1.

Cell staining and gating strategy for cytometry. (A) Using typical forward and side scatter characteristics, a gate was set on lymphocytes expressed CD3 and/or CD4 and/or CD8; (B) Within the CD3⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁺ gate, helper T-cells were determined by gating on CD3⁺ & CD4 ⁺ (H2 phase); (C) Cytotoxic T-cells were determined by gating on CD3⁺ & CD8 ⁺ (G2 phase); (D) CD4/CD8 ratio was determined by gating on CD4⁺ & CD8 ⁺ (E4 phase/E1 phase); (E) A new gate was set on lymphocytes expressed CD4 and/or CD25; (F) Within the CD4⁺/CD25⁺ gate, regulatory T-cells were determined by gating on CD4⁺ & CD25 ⁺ (D2 phase); (G) Another gate was set on lymphocytes expressed CD8 and/or CD28; (H) Within the CD8⁺/CD28⁺ gate, activated naïve cytotoxic T-cells were determined by gating on CD8⁺ & CD28 ⁺ (D2 phase), and suppressor T-cells were determined by gating on CD8⁺ & CD28 ^– (D4 phase); (I) Lymphocytes expressed CD3 and/or CD19 and/or both CD16 and CD56 were isolated using preset gate as showed in Figure S1A; (J) Within the CD3⁺/CD19⁺/CD16⁺56⁺ gate, B cells were determined by gating on CD3^– & CD19 ⁺ (H1 phase); (K) Natural killer cells were determined by gating on CD3^– & CD16 ⁺56⁺ (E1 phase); and natural killer T-cells were determined by gating on CD3^– & CD16 ⁺ & CD56 ⁺ (E2 phase).