Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics stratified by new-onset hyperchloremia ([Cl−] ≥ 110 mmol/L) or not ([Cl−] < 110 mmol/L) within 72 h of NICU admission.
| Variable | New-onset HC (n = 38) | Non-new-onset HC (n = 367) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, year, median (IQR) | 56 (46–69) | 62 (50–72) | 0.188 |
| Male, n (%) | 27 (71.1%) | 251 (68.4%) | 0.447 |
| Chronic conditions | |||
| Baseline serum creatinine, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 90 (73–115) | 82 (65–104) | 0.135 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 24 (63.2%) | 236 (64.3%) | 0.509 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (21.1%) | 71 (19.3%) | 0.471 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 8 (21.1%) | 63 (17.2%) | 0.341 |
| Critical indicators on NICU admission | |||
| BE, mmol/L, median (IQR) | −1.3 (−4.0 to 1.65) | −0.2 (−2.0 to 1.7) | 0.083 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 9 (6–11) | 11 (9–12) | 0.001 |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 17 (11–22) | 12 (7–17) | 0.002 |
| SOFA, median (IQR) | 8 (4–10) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory indicators | |||
| Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.8 (2.1–3.2) | 2.3 (2.0–3.1) | 0.392 |
| Albumin, g/L, median (IQR) | 38 (33–41) | 39 (34–43) | 0.240 |
| Fluid indicators within 72 h | |||
| Total fluid input (with enteral nutrition) within 72 h, L, median (IQR) | 7.7 (6.0–9.6) | 7.1 (6.1–8.2) | 0.076 |
| Total fluid input (without enteral nutrition) within 72 h, L, median (IQR) | 4.2 (2.8–6.1) | 3.6 (2.7–4.8) | 0.074 |
| Cumulative fluid balance within 72 h, L, mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 0.969 |
| Vasopressor, n (%) | 9 (23.7%) | 22 (6.0%) | 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 17 (44.7%) | 75 (20.4%) | 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 7 (18.4%) | 31 (8.4%) | 0.052 |
HC, hyperchloremia ([Cl−] ≥ 110 mmol/L); SD, standard deviation; BE, base excess; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IQR, interquartile range.