Fig. 3. catRNA enhances targeted gene knock-out with RNA transfection.

a Targeted gene disruption with different crRNA species by RNA lipofection. LbCpf1 mRNA was produced via in vitro RNA transcription and then co-transfected with different crRNA species using lipofection. Significantly enhanced gene disruption was consistently observed with catRNA transfections. n = 6. b Targeted gene disruption with different crRNA species by RNA electroporation. LbCpf1 mRNA was co-electroporated with different crRNA species. Robust gene disruption was observed with catRNA electroporation but not with electroporation of other crRNA species. Gene disruption efficiency was calculated 3 days after transfection by TIDE online software. Bar, SE. n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 determined by the Mann–Whitney test