Table 1.
Characteristics of DCD participants at baseline.
| TKD group (n = 51) | Control group (n = 94) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 7.4 (1.2) | 7.5 (1.2) | 0.530 |
| Sex (male/female), n | 45/6 | 76/18 | 0.263 |
| Weight, kg | 24.6 (5.6) | 25.8 (7.3) | 0.323 |
| Height, cm | 124.4 (9.0) | 124.4 (9.8) | 0.962 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 15.8 (2.0) | 16.3 (2.4) | 0.177 |
| Arm length, cm | 53.2 (4.6) | 53.1 (6.4) | 0.923 |
| DCD Questionnaire 2007 total score | 35.3 (9.0) | 37.1 (10.1) | 0.301 |
| Calcium intake, mg/day | 734.1 (261.8) | 754.8 (154.2) | 0.689 |
| Time spent in outdoor activities (sunlight exposure), hours/week | 4.0 (1.3) | 3.9 (0.6) | 0.665 |
| Habitual physical activity level, metabolic equivalent hours/week | 14.1 (12.3) | 7.8 (7.6) | 0.002* |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | 0.439 | ||
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 8 (15.7%) | 28 (29.8%) | |
| Dyslexia | 6 (11.8%) | 10 (10.6%) | |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 22 (43.1%) | 46 (48.9%) | |
| Medication, n (%) | 0.535 | ||
| Ritalin | 5 (9.8%) | 7 (7.4%) | |
| Concerta | 1 (2.0%) | 4 (4.3%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (3.9%) | 7 (7.4%) |
Means (standard deviations) are presented unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations. DCD = developmental coordination disorder, TKD = Taekwondo.
*p < 0.05.