Table 3.

Adapted taekwondo training protocol for children with DCD.

Exercise/TKD technique	Aims and features	Frequency	Intensity	Duration
Warm up	• Jogging to increase body temperature	TKD class: once/week; home practice: daily (excluding the TKD class days)	Mild sweating	5 min
Stretching	• Static stretch of major muscle groups to improve flexibility		Mild tension of muscles	5 to 10 min
Body punch (with and without a moving focus mitt)	• Striking blow with a closed fist – compressive force is transmitted through the metacarpals, wrist, forearm bones to the upper arm and body• Strike a moving target – requires visual-motor ability, fast reaction, coordinated limb movements and concentration		20 reps, performed with alternate arms. 20 reps for each technique, performed with alternate arms.	5 to 10 min 15 to 20 min
Blocking techniques: Rising block (in form of set-sparring)	• Block a punch/attack with forearm – ulna and/or radius are subjected to shear load and compressive load due to strong contraction of forearm muscles
• Outside/side block (in form of set-sparring)
• Inside block (in form of set-sparring)
• Down block (in form of set-sparring)
Kicking techniques: Front kick in fighting stance (with and without a kick pad)	• Require postural adjustment, proper body alignment and standing balance.		40 reps for each technique, performed with alternate legs.	15 to 20 min
• Round house kick in fighting stance (with and without a kick pad)
• Side kick in fighting stance (with and without a kick pad)
• Back kick in fighting stance (with and without a kick pad)
Cool-down and stretching	• Walking to lower body temperature• Static stretch of major muscle groups to improve flexibility			5 min