Table 1.

Considerations for future CT studies targeting athletic performance.

CT trial design suggestions	CT intervention components to explore further	CT intervention outcomes to explore further
- Trial design: CONSORT guidelines to be followed. -Control groups: An active control which has minimal negative impact on athletes and teams is required to create equal expectancy bias. -CT delivery: Supervised training 2–3 times a week, for approximately 40 minutes to an hour each session. - Multi-domain training: Little to no evidence for cognitive domain transfer. Multi-domain training recommended, targeting multiple cognitive abilities specific to the sport of interest. - Multisite Studies: Both CT and sports science studies are notoriously underpowered. As recruitment is difficult, multiple sites could be used to maximize n. -Funding and Conflicts of Interest: If studies are funded by CT companies, care must be taken to ensure impartiality.	- Training environment: Is CT more beneficial when integrated with a physical task, under fatigue, employing sport-specific virtual reality, or supplemented with neural stimulation? - Opportunity costs: CT must not take away from regular physical training/coaching. At what dose is CT most complementary to regular training? - Gamification and motivation: Investigation as to what strategies make CT more engaging/effective such as educating athletes on cognition, competition of results, virtual reality etc.	- Sport performance: CT must impact more than simply cognition to be relevant. What are the best measures of efficacy in athletes? - Additional outcomes: Neuropsychological, questionnaire, and neuroimaging markers can all be useful to understand improvements, particularly if correlated to any sport-related gains. - Head injury: Can CT play a role in athletes recovering from head injuries? If undertaken prior to head injury, could CT negate associated cognitive decline?