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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2018 Apr 18;556(7702):501–504. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0052-z

Fig. 1. DI and itaconate induce electrophilic stress in macrophages.

Fig. 1

a, Nrf2-response genes in DI-treated BMDMs. b, c, Western blots of Nrf2 and Nrf2 targets in DI-treated (b) or LPS-stimulated (c) BMDMs. d, The chemical structures of DI-GSH and Ita-GSH. e, DI-GSH levels in the media of DI-treated BMDMs, mean of n = 2 cultures. f, Itaconate (left) and Ita-GSH (right) levels in BMDMs, mean ± s.e.m., n = 3 cultures. g, GSH levels in DI-treated BMDMs, mean of n = 2 experiments. h, i, Cytokine levels in BMDMs treated as indicated and LPS-stimulated for 4 h (h) and 24 h (i); mean ± s.e.m., n = 3 experiments. Western blots are representatives of three experiments. For gel source data, see Supplementary Fig. 1. Statistical tests used were two-tailed t-tests. AT, α-tocopherol; MT, MitoTEMPO.