| Protein based biomarker combinations |
| ProGRP, CEA, SCC, and CYFRA21-1 (14) |
| MIC-1, Cyfra21-1, CA125 and CEA (15) |
| CEA, CA125, ProGRP, and MCP-1, IL6, IL10 (16) |
| LRP1, BGH3, COIA1, TETN, TSP1, ALDOA, GRP78, ISLR, FRIL, LG3BP, PRDX1, FIBA and GSLG1 124/123 71 44 LR (17) |
| Cadherin-1, CD30 ligand, endostatin, HSP90α, LRIG3, MIP-4, pleiotrophin, PRKCI, RGM-C, SCF-sR, sL-selectin and YES (18) |
| CYFRA 21–1, NSE and CRP (19) |
| CRP, SAA and mucin 1 (20) |
| CEA, RBP, A1AT and SCC 49/48 77.8 75.4 CART (21) |
| CYFRA 21–1, NSE and CRP (22) |
| MIP-1α, CEA, SCF, TNF-RI, IFN-γ and TNF-α (23) |
| CYFRA 21–1, NSE and CRP (24) |
| β2-microglobulin, CEA, gastrin, CA125, NSE and sIL-6R (25) |
| CEA, gastrin and NSE (26) |
| Prolactin, TTR, THBS1, E-selectin, CCL5, MIF, PAI-1, erbB-2, CYFRA 21.1 and SAA (27) |
| A1AT, Cyfra 21–1, IGF1, RANTES and AFP (28) |
| CYFRA 21–1, CEA, CA-125 and CRP (29) |
| MMP-1, MMP-9, CYFRA 21–1, CRP, CEA, YKL-40 and CA-125 (30) |
| IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, sIL-2Rα, SDF-1α+β, TNF-α and MIP-1α (31) |
| Autoantibody based marker combinations |
| p53, CAGE, NY-ESO-1, GBU4-5, SOX2, MAGE A4 and Hu-D (32) |
| p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, CAGE, and MAGEA1 (33,34) |
| Survivin, Cyclin B1, HCC1, and p53 (35) |
| BARD1 epitopes (36) |
| ECH1 and HNRNPA2B1 (37) |
| ANXA1 and FOXP3 (38) |
| 14-3-3ζ, c-Myc, MDM2, NPM1, p16, p53 and cyclin B1 (39) |
| MDM2, C-Myc (40) |
| keratin 8, type II, TTC14, Kruppel-like factor 8, BRAF, and tousled like kinase 1 (41) |
| p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4–5, annexin A1 and SOX2 (42,43) |
| p53, NY-ESO-1, CAGE, GBU4–5, SOX-2, HuD, MAGE A4, α-enolase, p53 C, CK8, CK20 and Lmyc2 (30) |
| c-Myc, cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, CDK2 and survivin (44) |
| IMPDH, PGAM, HSP70–9B, Ubiquilin, annexin A1 and annexin A2 (45) |
| paxillin, SEC15L2, BAC clone RP11–499F19, XRCC5 and MALAT1 (46) |
| Metabolites |
| Glucose lactate and phospholipids (47) |
| Lysophosphatidylcholines (48) |
| Glutamic acid, choline, threonine (49) |
| Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, xylose (50) |
| Phosphorylcholine, sphingosine (51) |
| Glycerol, lactic acid, tryptophan (52) |
| Benzaldehyde, urea, isoleucine, glycolic, phenylalanine (53) |
| Bilirubin (54) |
| Citric acid, choline, lysine (55) |
| Alanine, threonine, linoleic acid (56) |
| Alanine, valine, isoleucine (57) |
| Carnitine, propionylcarnitine, tyrosine, methionine, malic acid, histidine, 5-oxo-proline (58) |
| Mixed panels of markers |
| Proteins CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA125, and NY-ESO-1 autoantibody (59) |
| Proteins CEA, CYFRA21-1, ENO1 and ENO1 autoantibody (60) |
| Pro-surfactant B protein and diacetylspermine metabolite (61) |
| C-reactive protein (CRP), prolactin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), NY-ESO-1 autoantibody (62) |
