Table 2.

Patient and trauma characteristics of patients with major vs. no or mild TBI

	No or mild (AIS head 0–2) (n = 92)		Major TBI (AIS head 3–5) (n = 107)		Comparison
	n	Mean + SD	n	Mean + SD	p
Years since injury	92	1.08 ± 0.17	107	1.06 ± 0.16	0.481
Age at time of injury (years)	92	52.91 ± 18.02	107	56.61 ± 18.80	0.160
GCS initial	92	14.12 ± 2.17	106	11.42 ± 4.42	< 0.001
GCS worst (within 24 h hours)	92	13.84 ± 2.62	106	10.50 ± 5.04	< 0.001
ISS	92	21.47 ± 7.08	107	22.47 ± 5.50	0.264
NISS	92	24.46 ± 9.21	107	29.67 ± 7.98	< 0.001
RISC (%)	92	5.81 ± 8.64	107	14.58 ± 15.31	< 0.001
SAPS II mort	62	26.84 ± 10.46	70	30.00 ± 11.23	0.098
AIS 1 head & neck	92	1.03 ± 1.09	107	3.83 ± 0.69	< 0.001
AIS 2 face	92	0.24 ± 0.70	107	0.83 ± 1.08	< 0.001
AIS 3 chest	92	2.52 ± 1.39	107	1.13 ± 1.44	< 0.001
AIS 4 abdomen	92	1.55 ± 1.57	107	0.21 ± 0.70	< 0.001
AIS 5 extremities	92	2.02 ± 1.34	107	0.85 ± 1.16	< 0.001
AIS 6 external lesions	92	0.43 ± 0.67	107	0.34 ± 0.49	0.235
AIS head	92	0.85 ± 0.94	107	3.83 ± 0.69	< 0.001
GOS (hospital discharge)	92	4.78 ± 0.47	104	4.61 ± 0.60	0.023
	n	n (%)	n	n (%)	p
Gender, female	92	27 (29.3%)	107	30 (28%)	0.839
Multiple trauma	92	85 (92.4%)	107	83 (77.6%)	0.004
Trauma energy high	92	65 (70.7%)	107	48 (44.9%)	< 0.001
Lowest GCS 3–8	92	5 (5.4%)	106	33 (31.3%)	< 0.001
Lowest GCS 9–12		7 (7.6%)		13 (12.3%)
Lowest GCS 13–15		80 (87.0%)		60 (56.6%)

No or mild TBI: no or mild traumatic brain injury (AIS head ≤ 2); major TBI major traumatic brain injury (AIS head > 2); GCS Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS Injury Severity Score; NISS New Injury Severity Score; RISC Revised Injury Severity Classification; SAPS II mort expected simplified acute physiology score II mortality; AIS (AIS 1: head & neck; etc.): Abbreviated Injury Scale; GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale at the time of hospital discharge