Table 2.
Percentage of weighted average compliance with each one of the steps of the WHO technique for surgical hand preparation according to the study phase and product employed
| Compliance with each one of the steps of the WHO technique for surgical hand preparation | Pre-intervention phase (n = 303) |
Intervention phase (n = 231) |
P-Valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical scrub with 2% chlorhexidine (%) (n = 180)a |
Surgical scrub with 10% PVPI (%) (n = 123)b |
Alcohol-based surgical hand preparation (%) (n = 231)b |
||
| Removed jewelry | 99.4 | 100 | 100 | 1.000 |
| Short nails | 95 | 100 | 97.8 | 0.341 |
| Finger | 96.6 | 95.9 | 98.2 | 0.762 |
| Palm | 100 | 100 | 99 | 0.157 |
| Back of hand | 96.6 | 97.4 | 98.2 | 0.946 |
| Interdigital space | 82.1 | 85.5 | 93 | 0.948 |
| Thumb | 85.7 | 87.2 | 96.9 | 0.052 |
| Wrist | 95.5 | 98.3 | 99.1 | 0.247 |
| Did not get back to hands after donning forearms | 13.5 | 18 | NA | NA |
| Nail scrubbing | 33.7 | 41.5 | NA | NA |
| Hands rinsing | 98.8 | 72.3 | NA | NA |
| Time (min) | 4.8 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 0.001 |
NA not applicable
aThe number of surgical hand preparation events observed per participant ranged from 1 to 24
bThe number of surgical hand preparation events observed per participant ranged from 1 to 16
cComparison between the pre-intervention and intervention phases by the Wilcoxon for paired samples test