Table 2.
Results before and after the intervention for body composition by groups
| Pre | Post | ES | Interaction | p-value (ηp2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) | |||||
| BW | CG | 78.9 ± 6.5 | 79.2 ± 6.6 | 0.05 | Time | 0.830 (0.002) |
| KD | 78.8 ± 7.8 | 77.4 ± 7.9 | −0.18 | Group | 0.437 (0.076) | |
| NDK | 74.6 ± 5.3 | 75.5 ± 4.9* | 0.18 | Time x Group | 0.016 (0.327) | |
| FM | CG | 13.4 ± 4.5 | 12.8 ± 4.0 | −0.12 | Time | 0.013 (0.258) |
| KD | 12.0 ± 2.7 | 10.9 ± 2.2* | −0.46 | Group | 0.457 (0.072) | |
| NDK | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 10.9 ± 2.7 | −0.17 | Time x Group | 0.447 (0.074) | |
| VAT | CG | 757.7 ± 265.3 | 759.4 ± 317.2 | 0.01 | Time | 0.031 (0.203) |
| KD | 688.9 ± 125.4 | 592.4 ± 103.1* | −0.84 | Group | 0.490 (0.066) | |
| NDK | 658.0 ± 200.5 | 624.2 ± 201.5 | −0.17 | Time x Group | 0.130 (0.177) | |
| LBM | CG | 65.6 ± 2.6 | 66.4 ± 3.5 | 0.26 | Time | 0.023 (0.224) |
| KD | 66.8 ± 6.8 | 66.5 ± 6.9 | −0.04 | Group | 0.516 (0.061) | |
| NDK | 63.2 ± 4.4 | 64.6 ± 4.2* | 0.31 | Time x Group | 0.025 (0.297) | |
Data are means ± SD; Greenhouse-Geisser univariate p-levels are presented for each variable; p < 0.05 is considered significant; (*) denotes a significant difference from baseline; ES Effect Size (Cohen’s d), BW Total body weight, FM Fat mass, VAT Visceral adipose tissue, LBM lean body mass