Table 4.

Species–habitat associations with different life forms and shade tolerance in the 30-ha Fenglin permanent plot

	Ridge	Sunny	Shady	Valley shady side	Valley sunny side
Shade-tolerant shrubs	N	−	+	N	N
Light-demanding shrubs	−	N	N	N	+
Midtolerant shrubs	+	+	N	−	−
Shade-tolerant trees	−	N	N	+	+
Light-demanding trees	+	N	−	+	−
Midtolerant trees	N	+	−	N	+
Shade-tolerant	−	−	+	+	+
Light-demanding	+	N	−	+	N
Midtolerant	+	+	−	−	−
Trees	N	N	−	+	+
Shrubs	+	+	N	−	−

+, −, N indicate positive associations, negative associations, and no corresponding associations, respectively