Fig. 3.

Effects of CBNPs on iNOS expression (a), effects of Gö6976 or DPI on NO production (b), COX-2 expression (c), and effects of Gö6976 or DPI on PGE₂ production (d), and effects of Gö6976 or DPI on ROS production (e) in A549 cells. Cells were treated with CBNPs (1, 10, 25 μg/mL) for 24 h or pretreated with Gö6976 or DPI for 1 h respectively, and then treated with CBNPs (1–25 μg/mL) for 24 h. ROS production was measured using H₂DCF-DA staining and detected the DCF fluorescence by flow cytometer. Bars represent the mean ± S.E.M. from six independent experiments. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 vs. control group (without any treatment). ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. CBNPs (25 μg/mL) group