Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for participants of the EPIC-Potsdam and the GNHIES98 cohort
| Characteristic | EPIC-Potsdam (N=25 392) | GNHIES98 cohort (N=3717) |
| Sex (% male) | 38.7 | 49.1 |
| Age (years) | 49.6±8.9 | 42.6±25.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.7±12.8 | 89.0±21.7 |
| Body height (cm) | 168±8.7 | 170±15.0 |
| Prevalent hypertension (%) | 31.1 | 18.2 |
| Former smoker (% <20 units/day) | 22.9 | 10.9 |
| Former smoker (% ≥20 units/day) | 8.9 | 9.4 |
| Current smoker (% <20 units/day) | 14.8 | 20.7 |
| Current smoker (% ≥20 units/day) | 5.7 | 14.3 |
| Wholegrain intake (bread, muesli) (50 g portion/day) | 1.0±1.2 | 1.3±1.5 |
| Coffee consumption (150 g portion/day) | 2.8±2.1 | 2.7±2.5 |
| Intake of red meat (150 g portion/day) | 0.3±0.2 | 0.6±0.3 |
| Physical activity (hours/week) | 6.0±5.7 | 1.1±2.2 |
| One parent with diabetes (%) | 21.5 | 28.1 |
| Both parents with diabetes (%) | 2.3 | 2.0 |
| At least one sibling with diabetes (%) | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| GDRS points | 481±134 | 492±264 |
| Five-year diabetes risk (%) | 2.2±4.4 | 3.6±11.4 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.5±2.1 | 5.4±1.1 |
Presentedvalues are combined means ± standard deviation (SD) or relative frequencies from multiple imputation with m=10imputations.
EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; GDRS, German Diabetes Risk Score.