Table 1.
Prospective studies on SBRT for hepatocellular carcinoma
| Reference | Institutions | Design | RT Aim | Patient number | Indication | Median size (range), cm | Dose | Median f/u (range), mo | Local control | Overall survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herfarth KK, et al. [8] (2001) | Germany, Heidelberg Univ. | Phase I/II | Definitive/Salvage | HCC/CCC (4/54) | Unresectable liver tumor <3 tumors, <6 cm | Dose escalation 14-26 Gy/1 fx | 6 (1-26) | 81% (18 mo) | ||
| Tse RV, et al. [9] (2008) | Canada, Princess Margaret Hospital | Phase I | Definitive/Salvage | HCC/CCC (31/10) | CP-A, unresectable, previous Tx allowed | Median 36 (24-54) Gy/6 fx | 18 (11-39) | 65% (1 yr) | 48% (1 yr) | |
| Wulf J, et al. [10] (2006) | Switzerland | Prospective | Definitive | HCC+CCC/mets (5/51) | Unavailable for other Tx | Low dose : 30 Gy/3 fx or 28 Gy/4 fx High dose : 36-38 Gy/3 fx or 26 Gy/1 fx | HCC+CCC : 15 (2-48) | HCC+CCC : 83% | HCC+CCC : 76% (1 yr), 61% (2 yr) | |
| Goodman KA, et al. [11] (2010) | MSKCC | Phase I dose escalation | Definitive/Salvage | HCC/mets (2/24) | CP-A, unresectable, tumors < 5 | Dose escalation 18-30 Gy/1 fx | 17 (2-55) | 77% (1 yr) | 50% (2 yr) | |
| Cárdenes HR, et al. [12] (2010) | United States, Indiana Univ. | Phase I dose escalation | Definitive | All HCC (17) | CP-A, CP-B, 1-3 lesions, ≤ 6cm, PVT allowed, | CP-A : 36-48 Gy/3 fx CP-B : 40 Gy/5 fx | 24 (10-42) | 100% | 75% (1 yr) 60% (2 yr) | |
| Andolino DL, et al. [13] (2011) | United States, Indiana Univ. | Phase II | Definitive | All HCC (60) | CP-A, CP-B, liver-confined HCC, prior TACE included | 3.2 (1-6.5) | CP-A : 44 Gy/3 fx CP-B : 40 Gy/5 fx | 27 (2-52) | 90% (2 yr) | 67% (2 yr) |
| Price TR, et al. [14] (2012) | United States, Indiana Univ. | Phase I/II | Definitive/Salvage | All HCC (26) | CP-A, CP-B, ≤3 tumors, single≤6cm, multiple≤sum 6cm, previous Tx allowed | GTV volume: 34 (2-95) cc | CP-A: 48 Gy/3 fx CP-B: 40 Gy/5 fx | 13 (3-42) | CR + PR: 73% | 77% (1 yr) 60% (2 yr) |
| Kang JK, et al. [15] (2012) | Korea, Korea Inst. Of Radiological and Medical Sciences | Phase II | Salvage | All HCC (47) | CP-A, CP-B, inoperable, incomplete response after TACE, PVT allowed | 2.9 (1.3-7.8) | 57 (42-60) Gy/3 fx | 17 (6-38) | 95% (2 yr) | 69% (2 yr) |
| Bujold A, et al. [16] (2013) | Canada, Toronto Univ. | Phase I/II [Trial 1], immediately subsequently phase II [Trial 2] | Definitive | All HCC (102) (trial 1 : 50, trial 2 : 52) | CP-A, PVT allowed, [trial 2] ≤ 5 tumors, <15cm | 7.2 (1.4-23.1) | 36 (24-54) Gy/6 fx | 31 (2-36) | 87% (1 yr) | Median 17 mo |
| Kim JW, et al. [17] (2016) | Korea, Yonsei Cancer Center | Phase I | Definitive/Salvage | All HCC (18) | CP-A, CP-B, ≤3 tumors, single≤5cm, multiple≤sum 6cm, previous Tx allowed | 1.9 (1.0-3.3) | Dose escalation 36-60 Gy/4 fx | 23 (11-38) | Radiologic CR: 89%, 49% (2 yr) | 69% (2 yr) |
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CCC, cholangiocellular carcinoma; CP, child-pugh; PVT, portal vein thrombosis; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; GTV, gross tumor volume; CR, complete response; PR, partial response.