Table 1. Characteristics of neighborhoods (US Census block groups) near facilities regulated by California’s cap-and-trade program, 2011–2015.

Characteristic	Within 2.5 miles of a facilitya (n = 7,342 BGs; n = 11,765,168 people)	Beyond 2.5 miles of a facilitya (n = 15,848 BGs; n = 26,652,068 people)	p-Valueb
Median (IQR) population density (people/km2)	3,627 (2,118–6,423)	2,285 (901–3,890)	<0.001
Median (IQR) percent people of color	71 (44–91)	53 (30–80)	<0.001
Median (IQR) percent poorc	37 (19–58)	30 (16–49)	<0.001
Median (IQR) percent low educational attainmentd	18 (6–36)	11 (5–25)	<0.001
Median (IQR) percent linguistically isolated householdse	9 (3–18)	5 (1–13)	<0.001
Percent BGs designated as a disadvantaged communityf	38	19	<0.001g

^aBased on their geographic census block group centroids. Block groups are generally contiguous geographic areas that contain between 600 and 3,000 people and can vary in size depending on population density. Neighborhood characteristics were obtained from the American Community Survey 2011–2015 5-year estimates.

^bTwo-tailed Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test.

^cPercent of residents living below twice the federal poverty level.

^dPercent of residents older than 25 years without a high school education.

^ePercent of population living in households where no one age ≥14 years speaks English very well.

^fBased on CalEnviroScreen 3.0 [19].

^gPearson’s chi-squared test with Yates’s continuity correction.

BG, census block group; IQR, interquartile range.