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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2018 Jun 1;201(2):533–547. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800250

Figure 10. Model of PCV2 infection inhibits IL-12p40 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages to further suppress host Th1 immune response.

Figure 10

PCV2 infection activates PI3K/Akt1 and p38-MPAK signaling pathways via Cap and gC1qR interaction to suppress other pathogens- or PAMP molecules-induced IL-12p40 expression in transcriptional level. And the activated PI3K/Akt1 and p38 MAPK pathways also induce miR-23a and miR-29b up-regulation to suppress IL-12p40 expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The reduction of IL-12 secretion by PAMs results in a lower host Th1 immune response to pathogen infection. The green arrows mean induction, the red lines mean inhibition, and the red arrows mean down-regulation.