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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Methods Med Res. 2017 Dec 11;28(4):1044–1063. doi: 10.1177/0962280217744588

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

We compared TMLE with C-TMLE0, where the only difference between the two estimators is that C-TMLE0 solves the extra critical equation with additional clever covariates. (a) Comparison of TMLE and C-TMLE0, with the initial estimate Qn0 adjusting for 10 out of 40 confounders. (b) Comparison of TMLE and C-TMLE0, with the initial estimate Qn0 adjusting for 20 out of 40 confounders.