Fig. 3.

Phylogenetic clustering of the haplotypes based on the mutations in five genes associated with drug resistance in P. falciparum. The tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method implemented in the MEGA program. Parasites were color-coded by the years of collection. Haplotypes are shown with mutations in each gene highlighted in blue color and wild-type residues shown as asterisks. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)