Table 2.

The prevalence of mutations in genes associated with drug resistance in different years.^a

Gene	Residue position	2007 (n = 21)	2008 (n = 41)	2009 (n = 22)	2010 (n = 10)	2012 (n = 13)	Total (n = 107)
Pfcrtc	C72S	–	–	–	–	–	–
	M74I	100	100	100	100	100	100
	N75E	100	100	100	100	100	100
	K76T	100	100	100	100	100	100
	A220S	100	100	100	100	100	100
Pfmdr1	N86Y	4.8	–	–	–	–	0.9
	Y184F	28.6	43.9	31.8	10	7.7	30.8
	N1042D	4.8	–	13.6	–	–	3.7
Pfdhfr	N51I	61.9	65.9	63.6	70	76.9	66.4
	C59R	95.2	100	100	100	100	99.1
	S108N	95.2	100	100	100	100	99.1
	I164L	71.4	85.4	77.2	80	61.5	77.5
Pfdhps	S436A	61.9	51.2	68.2	40	30.8	53.3
	A437G	95.2	95.1	95.4	100	100	96.3
	K540E/N	90.5	85.4	90.9	100	61.5	86.0
	A581G	23.8	46.3	36.4	40	69.2	42.1
Pfmrp1	H191Y	66.7	75.6	63.6	30	84.6	68.2
	N325S	4.8	12.2	9.1	10	15.4	10.3
	S437A	66.7	70.7	68.2	30	69.2	65.4
	H785N	19.0	9.8	4.8	10	38.5	14.0
	I876V	57.1	61	68.2	50	53.8	59.8
	T1007M	19.0	22	31.8	20	46.2	26.2
	F1390I	9.5	14.6	10	–	7.7	10.3
PfK13c	NNb	42.9	61.5	68.2	80	69.2	60.7
	K189T	–	–	–	10	–	1.0
	E252Q	4.8	5.1	–	–	–	2.9
	P441L	4.8	–	–	–	–	1.0
	F446I	19.0	30.8	18.1	10	46.2	25.7
	R539T	–	7.7	–	–	7.7	3.8
	P574L	9.5	2.6	–	–	–	2.9
	C580Y	–	2.6	–	–	–	1.0
	A676D	–	5.1	–	–	–	2.9
	H719N	–	–	18.1	–	–	3.8

ND, not done.

^aSignificant differences in mutation prevalence are highlighted in bold (χ² test): pfdhps S436A between 2009 and 2012 (P = 0.0358) and between 2010 and 2012 (P = 0.0266); pfdhps A581G 2007 and 2012 (P = 0.0089); pfmrp1 H191Y between 2008 and 2010 (P = 0.0061) and between 2010 and 2012 (P = 0.0078); pfmrp1 S437A between 2008 and 2010 (P = 0.0169) and between 2009 and 2010 (P = 0.0436); pfmrp1 H785N between 2008 and 2012 (P = 0.0155) and between 2009 and 2012 (P = 0.0101); PfK13 H719N between 2008 and 2009 (P = 0.0140).

^bNN insertion between amino acids 136 and 137.

^c39 samples were genotyped in 2008, giving a total of 105 samples genotyped for the pfk13 gene.