Table 3.
Prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in Pvdhfr, Pvdhps, Pvmdr1 and Pvcrt-o of P. vivax isolates.
| Gene locus | Haplotype | Codon | Number of isolates (%) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 2008 | Year 2014 | Total | ||||
|
Pvdhfr |
57/58/61/99/117/173 | n = 144 | n = 94 | n = 238 | ||
| Wild-type | FSTHSI | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | |
| Double mutant | FRT−NI | 79 (54.9) | 40 (42.5) | 119 (50) | 0.084 | |
| Quadruple mutant (a) | LRMHTI | 3 (2.1) | 4 (4.3) | 7 (2.9) | 0.439 | |
| Quadruple mutant (b) |
IRMHTI |
62 (43) |
50 (53.2) |
112 (47.1) |
0.145 |
|
|
Pvdhps |
382/383/512/553/580/585 | n = 152 | n = 88 | n = 240 | ||
| Wild-type | SAKARV | 37 (24.3) | 0 | 37 (15.5) | <0.001 | |
| Single mutant | SGKARV | 43 (28.3) | 13 (14.8) | 56 (23.3) | 0.012 | |
| Double mutant | SGKGRV | 59 (38.8) | 49 (55.7) | 108 (45) | 0.007 | |
| Triple mutant (a) | AGKGRV | 13 (8.6) | 22 (25) | 35 (14.6) | 0.001 | |
| Triple mutant (b) | SGMGRV | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0.367 | |
| Triple mutant (c) | SGEGRV | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0.367 | |
| Quadruple mutant |
AGMGRV |
0 |
2 (2.3) |
2 (0.8) |
0.133 |
|
|
Pvmdr1 |
958/976/997/1076 | n = 126 | n = 87 | n = 213 | ||
| Wild-type | TYKF | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | |
| Single mutant | MYKF | 29 (23) | 43 (49.4) | 72 (33.8) | <0.001 | |
| Double mutant (a) | MFKF | 6 (4.8) | 1 (1.2) | 7 (3.3) | 0.144 | |
| Double mutant (b) | MYKL | 29 (23) | 27 (31) | 56 (26.3) | 0.156 | |
| Triple mutant |
MFKL |
62 (49.2) |
16 (18.4) |
78 (36.6) |
<0.001 |
|
| Pvcrt-o | 47/76 | n = 120 | n = 92 | n = 212 | ||
| Wild-type | LK | 120 (100) | 92 (100) | 212 (100) | NR | |
Bold with underline letters indicate mutant amino acids.
Statistically significant difference between years P-value < 0.001. All P-values were calculated by Chi square test (Fisher's exact test).
NR not relevant to be calculated.