Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and laboratory findings of patients with venomous snakebite
| Variable | No DIC group (n = 84) | DIC group (n = 30) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 56 (42–67) | 58 (55–63) | 0.342 |
| Sex, male | 48 (57.1) | 28 (93.3) | < 0.001 |
| Site of bite | 0.271 | ||
| Hand | 54 (64.3) | 25 (83.3) | |
| Leg | 6 (7.1) | 1 (3.3) | |
| Foot | 18 (21.4) | 4 (13.3) | |
| Time from snakebite to ED arrival (hr) | 2.0 (1.0–6.8) | 5.0 (2.3–18) | 0.002 |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (8.9) | 3 (10.0) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension | 20 (25.3) | 8 (26.7) | 0.885 |
| Cardiac disease | 4 (4.8) | 1 (3.3) | 1.000 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 146 (127–159) | 137 (114–161) | 0.294 |
| Final severity | < 0.001 | ||
| I | 36 (44.4) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 36 (44.4) | 20 (66.7) | |
| III | 0 (0) | 6 (20.0) | |
| IV | 9 (11.1) | 4 (13.3) | |
| Antivenin | < 0.001 | ||
| None | 28 (33.3) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Single | 48 (57.1) | 5 (55.5) | |
| Multidose | 8 (9.5) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Local symptoms and signs | |||
| Pain | 78 (98.7) | 29 (100) | 1.000 |
| Blisters | 9 (17.3) | 4 (20.0) | 0.746 |
| Severe swelling | 64 (85.3) | 26 (89.7) | 0.752 |
| Discoloration | 30 (50.8) | 15 (65.2) | 0.240 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| White blood cell count | 7,635 (6,113–9,800) | 9,800 (6,615–15,145) | 0.017 |
| C-reactive protein | 0.29 (0.29–0.30) | 0.29 (0.29–0.51) | 0.630 |
| Delta neutrophil index | 0 (0–0) | 0.2 (0–2.2) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as numbers (range) or numbers (%).
DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; ED, emergency department.