Table 1.

Patients treated with immune-based approach

Ref	No. of patients	Age, gender	Type of MGUS	M-proteinheight	Initial therapy	Subsequent therapy	Therapy duration (mo)	Best clinical response	Best hematol response	Time to best response (mo)	Duration of follow-up (mo)
1.	2	39 F; 51 M	IgG kappa	N/A	PP + IVIG	Pulse MP	12	Significant improvement	Ig level normalized	12	156
2.	1	61 M	IgG kappa	N/R	IVIG 50 g × 4 days monthly; titrated to 150 g/month	No	40	Almost complete resolution of weakness (5/5) MRC scale	N/R	24	40
3.	1	46 M	IgG kappa	N/R	IVIG 0.4 g/kg × 5 days monthly	MP 1 g IV then MMF	12	Improvement: MRC scale 3–5/5	N/R	12	12
4.	1	52 F	IgG kappa	N/R	PP	MP + azathioprine	N/R	Moderate improvement in muscle strength	Reduced M-protein level	N/R	N/R
5.	1	31 F	IgG lambda	15.4 g/L (γ-globlin on SPEP)	Plasma exchange ×32	Prednisone, CP	36	Mild improvement	Gamma-globulin ↓to 6 g/L	36	36
6.	1	63 M	IgG kappa & lambda	small	Prednisone 50 mg/day, MMF 2000 mg/day	IVIG monthly	6	Slow, modest	N/A	N/A	6
7.	1	45 M	Ig kappa	N/A	Prednisone 60 mg/day + ARA-C 200 mg/day × 1.5 y	IVIG course  × 2.5 y	30	Stable	N/A	N/A	54
8.	3	43,58,69 all males	All Ig kappa	N/R	Prednisone 35, 60, & 80 mg/day	None	2, 9, 11	No response All died	N/A	N/A	12
9.	1	49 M	IgG lambda	N/R	IVIG 0.4 g/kg q 6 weeks	None	6	No response	No response	No	6
10.	1	45 M	IgG lambda	N/R	Prednisone	CP, IVIG, rituximab	N/R	Without benefits	N/R	N/A	21
11.	1	37 M	IgG lambda	N/R	Prednisone 100 mg alternate days	None	18	Progressed	N/R	N/A	54

PP plasmapheresis, MP methylprednisolone, N/R not reported, MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, MRC Medical Research Council, CR complete response, Ig immunoglobulin, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, CP cyclophosphamide, MMF mycophenolate mofetil, N/A not available, ARA-C cytarabine. See Refs. [1, 10–17]