Table 1.

Comparison of entry (preantiretroviral therapy) parameters between participants with versus without low-level viremias.

	Participants without LLVa, medians (IQR), n = 49	Participants with LLV, medians (IQR), n = 33	P valueb,c
Total number of visits (includes enrollment)	9 (9 – 9)	9 (8 – 9)	0.090
Plasma HIV-1 RNA log10 (copies/ml)	5.1 (4.8 – 5.6)	5.7 (5.2 – 6.0)	<0.001
PBMC HIV DNA (copies/1 × 106 cells)	1440 (500 – 2200)	2600 (1070 – 4610)	0.007
CD4+ lymphocytes (cells/μl)	133 (43 – 213)	123 (52 – 205)	0.756
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/l)	2.9 (0.9 – 10.9)	3.3 (1.2 – 4.9)	0.647
Interleukin-6 (pg/ml)c	3.5 (2.1 – 6.7)	2.6 (1.8 – 4.3)	0.080
Soluble CD14 (ng/ml)c	3456 (3123 – 3867)	3499 (2702 – 4412)	0.945
Soluble CD25 (pg/ml)c	2584 (1777 – 3811)	2380 (1159 – 3190)	0.166
Soluble CD163 (ng/ml)c	2663 (1781 – 3639)	3311 (2099 – 4446)	0.105
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (pg/ml)c	4720 (4336 – 5000)	4600 (4264 – 5000)	0.992
Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (pg/ml)c	1860 (1310–2539)	2045 (1274–2952)	0.754

ART, antiretroviral therapy; LLV, low-level viremia; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

^aParticipants with all plasma HIV RNA less than 30 copies/ml during ART.

^bCompared using a Wilcoxon two-sample test P < 0.05 (in bold) were noted.

^cCytokines available from n = 44/49 without LLV and 33/33 with LLV.