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. 2018 Jul 10;8:10415. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28816-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Insulin fails to substantially increase [Ca²⁺]_i in larger-sized oxytocin neurons of PVN in Oxy Pdk1 KO mice. (A,B) Representative [Ca²⁺]_i responses to 10⁻¹¹ M insulin in larger-sized oxytocin neurons of PVN, possibly representing magnocellular neurons, isolated from Oxy Cre mice (A) and Oxy Pdk1 KO mice (B). Single neurons with diameter >25.0 μm were classified as larger-sized neurons in this study. These neurons from both mice similarly responded to 10⁻⁵ M glutamate. (C) Incidence of [Ca²⁺]_i responses to insulin in PVN oxytocin neurons, expressed by percentage. Numbers around each point indicate the number of PVN oxy neurons. (D) Average amplitude of [Ca²⁺]_i responses to insulin (Δratio) in oxytocin neurons. Scale bar: 25 μm. *p < 0.05 vs. Oxy Cre mice by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Error bars are SEM.